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EC number: 221-346-0 | CAS number: 3072-84-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09/03/2012-25/05/2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP comparable to OECD guideline
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- /
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil (if used):Treatment group soils were prepared by incorporating a one kilogram pre-mixture of sand, soil, and test substance into 59 kg of bulk soil and mixing. Treatment group soils were prepared by incorporating a one kilogram pre-mixture of sand, soil, and test substance into 59 kg of bulk soil and mixing.
- Controls:The negative control pre-mixture consisted of a combined 200 grams of sand and 800 grams of soil. Pre-mixtures were incorporated into 59 kg of bulk soil in a soil mixer by mixing the ingredients for a total of approximately 20 minutes. - Species:
- Allium cepa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Onion
- Plant family: Liliaceae
- Variety:Yellow Granex Hybrid 33
- Source of seed: Park Seed Co., Greenwoud, SC USA - Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name:Ryegrass
- Plant family:Poaceae
- Variety:Gator 3 Perennial
- Source of seed: Meyer Seed Co, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: / - Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Turnip
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: Purple Top White Globe
- Source of seed: Meyer Seed Co, Baltimore, MD, USA - Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Cucumber
- Plant family: Cucurbitaceae
- Variety:Tendergreen Burpless
- Source of seed: Meyer Seed Co, Baltimore, MD, USA - Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Lettuce
- Plant family:Asteraceae
- Variety: Summertime
- Source of seed: Sustainable Seed Co., Covelo, CA, USA - Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Tomato
- Plant family: Solanaceae
- Variety: Rutgers
- Source of seed: Meyer Seed Co., Baltimore, MD, USA - Test type:
- seedling emergence toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- /
- Test temperature:
- 23.33+/- 0.60 °C
- pH:
- 5.7
- Moisture:
- 49.42 +/- 11.72 %
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility:subirrigation trays on the greenhouse benches
- Test container (type, material, size):plastic pot (16cm diameter, 12cm in depth)
- Amount of soil:1940cm3
- Method of seeding:a template was used to indent the soil surface and leave ten holes of similar size and depth for planting
- No. of seeds per container:10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control:4
GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod:16-hour
- Light source:artificial + natural sunlight
- Light intensity and quality:/
- Day/night temperatures: min 18°C, max: 32°C
- Relative humidity (%): 49.42 +/- 11.72
- Wind velocity: /
- Air exchange rate: /
- Watering regime and schedules: plants were watered on: 12/03/2012, 16/03/2012, 23/03/2012, 24/03/2012, 26/03/2012, 28/03/2012, 30/03/2012, 01/04/2012
- Water source/type:well water
- Volume applied:/
- Interval of applications:/
- Method of application:subirrigation
ACCLIMATION PERIOD:/
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- emergence
- condition of the seedling: phytotoxicity rating on a scale of 0 to 100
- height and dry weight
- Phytotoxicity rating system (if used):Frans et al., 1977
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations:3
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline:/
- Range finding study: yes
-Results used: yes - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 12.3; 37.0; 111, 333, 1000 mg/kg dry soil
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect larger than 50%
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect greater than 50%
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect greater than 50%
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect greater than 50%
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect greater than 50%
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect greater than 50%
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect observed
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect observed
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect observed
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: not applicable since there was no effect observed
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 333 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Details on results:
- Lollium perenne
SEEDLING EMERGENCE
SEEDLING EMERGENCE
- Percent seedling emergence (Day 21)
12.3 mg/kg: 85
37.0 mg/kg: 90
111 mg/kg:85
333 mg/kg:95
1000 mg/kg:93.3
- Percent survival:
12.3 mg/kg: 100
37.0 mg/kg: 100
111 mg/kg:97.5
333 mg/kg:100
1000 mg/kg:100
- Plant height (cm):
12.3 mg/kg: 16.7
37.0 mg/kg15.3
111 mg/kg:18.0
333 mg/kg:15.9
1000 mg/kg:16.9
- Biomass (mg):
12.3 mg/kg: 299
37.0 mg/kg: 284
111 mg/kg:304
333 mg/kg:291
1000 mg/kg:289
Allium cepa
SEEDLING EMERGENCE
- Percent seedling emergence (Day 21)
12.3 mg/kg: 92.5
37.0 mg/kg90.0
111 mg/kg:97.5
333 mg/kg:90.0
1000 mg/kg:83.3
- Percent survival:
12.3 mg/kg: 100
37.0 mg/kg100
111 mg/kg:97.5
333 mg/kg:100
1000 mg/kg:100
- Plant height:
12.3 mg/kg:17.6
37.0 mg/kg14.3
111 mg/kg:13.7
333 mg/kg:15.5
1000 mg/kg:15.2
- Biomass (mg):
12.3 mg/kg: 219
37.0 mg/kg161
111 mg/kg:153
333 mg/kg:169
1000 mg/kg:148
Brassica rapa:
SEEDLING EMERGENCE
- Percent seedling emergence (Day 21)
12.3 mg/kg: 92.5
37.0 mg/kg:90
111 mg/kg:95
333 mg/kg:90
1000 mg/kg:93.3
- Percent survival:
12.3 mg/kg: 97.2
37.0 mg/kg100
111 mg/kg:100
333 mg/kg:100
1000 mg/kg:100
- Plant height:
12.3 mg/kg: 21.5
37.0 mg/kg20
111 mg/kg:21.6
333 mg/kg:21.7
1000 mg/kg:20.4
- Biomass (mg):
12.3 mg/kg: 4.84
37.0 mg/kg: 4.58
111 mg/kg:4.99
333 mg/kg:5.03
1000 mg/kg:5.28
Cucumis sativa:
SEEDLING EMERGENCE
- Percent seedling emergence (Day 21)
12.3 mg/kg: 95
37.0 mg/kg92.5
111 mg/kg:90
333 mg/kg:97.5
1000 mg/kg:80
- Percent survival:
12.3 mg/kg:100
37.0 mg/kg100
111 mg/kg:100
333 mg/kg:100
1000 mg/kg:100
- Plant height:
12.3 mg/kg: 12.7
37.0 mg/kg14.1
111 mg/kg:13.4
333 mg/kg:13.4
1000 mg/kg:13.4
- Biomass (mg):
12.3 mg/kg: 4.54
37.0 mg/kg4.93
111 mg/kg:5.05
333 mg/kg:5.18
1000 mg/kg:5.41
Lactuca sativa:
SEEDLING EMERGENCE
- Percent seedling emergence (Day 21)
12.3 mg/kg: 97.5
37.0 mg/kg95
111 mg/kg:87.5
333 mg/kg:95
1000 mg/kg:93.3
- Percent survival:
12.3 mg/kg: 100
37.0 mg/kg100
111 mg/kg:100
333 mg/kg:94.7
1000 mg/kg:100
- Plant height:
12.3 mg/kg: 13.9
37.0 mg/kg13.1
111 mg/kg:12.3
333 mg/kg:13.3
1000 mg/kg:13.2
- Biomass (mg):
12.3 mg/kg: 1.7
37.0 mg/kg1.59
111 mg/kg:1.3
333 mg/kg:1.45
1000 mg/kg:1.62
Lycopersicon esculentum:
SEEDLING EMERGENCE
- Percent seedling emergence (Day 21)
12.3 mg/kg: 95
37.0 mg/kg92.5
111 mg/kg:92.5
333 mg/kg:90
1000 mg/kg:90
- Percent survival:
12.3 mg/kg: 100
37.0 mg/kg100
111 mg/kg:100
333 mg/kg:100
1000 mg/kg:96.3
- Plant height:
12.3 mg/kg: 18.3
37.0 mg/kg17.0
111 mg/kg:18.2
333 mg/kg:15.2
1000 mg/kg:17.5
- Biomass (mg):
12.3 mg/kg: 2.63
37.0 mg/kg2.63
111 mg/kg:2.53
333 mg/kg:2.67
1000 mg/kg:2.50 - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- /
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- /
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Seeds of the test species planted in soils with nominal test substance concentrations of up to 1000 mg/kg dry soil resulted in the following EC50 and NOEC for the most sensitive endpoint of the six species tested: EC50 > 1000 mg/kg dry soil for the six species, NOEC = 1000 mg/kg dry soil for five species, except NOEC = 333 mg/kg dry soil for Allium cepa.
- Executive summary:
Brominated Epoxy having Epoxy equivalent of 400gr/eq: A toxicity test to determine the effects on seedling emergence and growth of six species of terrestrial plants.
Test species % germ Family source of seeds Monocots: Allium cepa (onio)/Yellow Granex Hybrid 33 98 Liliaceae Park Seed Co., Greenwood, SC USA Lolium perenne (ryegrass) / Gator 3 Perennial 90 Poaceae Meyer Seed Co., Baltimore, MD USA Dicots: Brassica rapa (turnip)/Purple Top White Globe 85 Brassicaceae Meyer Seed Co., Baltimore, MD USA Cucumis sativa (cucumber)/Tendergreen Burpless 80 Cucurbitaceae Meyer Seed Co., Baltimore, MD USA Lactuca sativa (lettuce)/ Summertime 98 Asteraceae Sustainable seed Co, Covelo, CA USA Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato)/ Rutgers 90 Solanaceae Meyer Seed Co., Baltimore, MD USA Nominal test levels: 0 (negative control), 12.3, 37.0, 111, 333, 1000mg/kg (milligrams of test substance per kilogram of dry soil)
Results: seeds of the species planted in soils with nominal test substance concentrations of up to 1000mg/kg dry soil resulted in the following EC50 and NOEC for the most sensitive endpoint of the six species tested:
Species Family EC50 (mg/kg) Most sensitive endpoint NOEC (mg/kg) Most sensitive endpoint Brassica rapa Brassiceae >1000 a 1000 b Cucumis sativa Cucurbitaceae >1000 a 1000 b Lollium perenne Poaceae >1000 a 1000 b Lactuca sativa Asteraceae >1000 a 1000 b Lycopersicon esculentum Solanaceae >1000 a 1000 b Allium cepa Liliaceae >1000 a 333 Emergence a-Not applicable since there was no effect greater than 50%
b-Not applicable since there was no effect observed
Reference
Description of key information
Seeds of the test species (Allium cepa, Lollium perenne, Brassica rapa, Cucumis sativa,
Lycopersicon esculentum, Lactuca sativa) planted in soils with nominal test substance concentrations of up to 1000 mg/kg dry soil resulted in the following EC50 and NOEC for the most sensitive endpoint of the six species tested: EC50 > 1000 mg/kg dry soil for the six species, NOEC = 1000 mg/kg dry soil for five species, except NOEC = 333 mg/kg dry soil for Allium cepa.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 333 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
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