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EC number: 617-849-3 | CAS number: 86404-04-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25 - 28 Jan 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Health Care Inspectorate of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
- EC Number:
- 617-849-3
- Cas Number:
- 86404-04-8
- Molecular formula:
- C8H12O6
- IUPAC Name:
- (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ethyl ascorbic acid
- Physical state: powder
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 21 Apr 2018
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Storage condition of test material: in freezer at < -15 °C desiccated
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: control, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: Samples were taken after 0, 24 and 48 h. 2 mL were taken from the approximate centre of the test vessels.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples taken at the beginning of the study and after 24 h were stored in a freezer until analysis whereas samples taken at the end of the study were analysed immediately. At the end of exposure, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling. Additionally, reserve samples of 2.0 mL were taken for possible analysis. If not used, these samples were stored in a freezer for a maximum of three months.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The highest test concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared by adding appropriate amount of the test substance to test medium followed by vigorous mixing. The lower concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilution of this stock solution.
- Eluate: no
- Differential loading: no
- Controls: yes, test medium control
- Evidence of undissolved material: no, test solutions were clear and colorless
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): in-house laboratory culture
- Method of cultivation: Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24 °C. The stock culture medium was M1 whereas M2-medium was used as the pre-culture medium. 3 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium at a cell density of 1 x 10E+04 cells/mL. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. The cell density was measured immediately before use.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 21 - 23 °C
- pH:
- 8.1 - 8.2 (control)
7.4 - 7.8 (100 mg/L) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: control, 0.10, 1.0, 10, 100 mg/L
measured (0 h): < LOQ (control), 76.7 - 83.7 mg/L (100 mg/L nominal)
measured (24 h): < LOQ (control), 79.4 - 85.0 mg/L (100 mg/L nominal)
measured (72 h): 0.012 (control), 81.2 - 84.2 mg/L (100 mg/L nominal) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 100 mL, headspace: 50 mL, fill volume: 50 mL
- Aeration: continuous shaken
- Initial cells density: 1E+04 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 216.3 E+04 cells/mL (mean)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6 (for the highest test concentration), 3 (for the remaining test concentrations)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Milli-RO water
- Culture medium different from test medium: same as test (for pre-culture)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH was measured at the beginning and at the end of the test in the control and the highest test concentration. Temperature was measured continuously.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 91 - 94 μE m-2 s-1.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 680 nm using a spectrophotometer with immersion probe (path length = 20 mm). Algal medium was used as blank and the extra replicates as background for the treated solutions. Cell densities were measured every 24 h.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate (tested in a separate study)
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 81 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks:
- and yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 81 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks:
- and yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 81 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks:
- and yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: 1.5 mg/L (95% CI: 1.4 - 1.6 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For determination of the NOEC and the EC50 the approaches recommended in the OECD guideline 201 were used. An effect was considered to be significant if statistical analysis of the data obtained for the test concentrations compared with those obtained in the negative control revealed significant inhibition of growth rate or inhibition of yield (Two-sample t-test, alpha=0.05, one-sided, smaller). No EC50-values could be calculated because the test item proved to be non-toxic (EC50 > maximum concentration tested). The calculations were performed with ToxRat Professional v. 3.2.1 (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Percentage inhibition of growth and yield after 72 h of exposure
Nominal concentration |
% inhibition of growth |
% inhibition of yield |
Control |
- |
- |
0.10 |
-.04 |
-2.2 |
1.0 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
10 |
0.5 |
2.7 |
100 |
1.4 |
7.1 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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