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EC number: 270-659-9 | CAS number: 68475-76-3 A complex combination of finely divided inorganic particles separated from the exit gases formed during the manufacture of Portland cement. The flue dust consists of uncalcined raw materials along with partially calcined materials. Some Portland cement clinker is usually included. The major constituents of kiln dust are calcium carbonate, clays, shales, quartz and sulfate salts. The following materials may also be present:@Dolomite@Ca(OH)2@Feldspars@CaSO4@Fly ash@KCl@Iron oxides@K2CO3@CaF2@K2SO4@CaO@Na2SO4@Glasses of SiO2, Al.s@Portland cement chemicals [659
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-03-15 to 2010-03-18
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study, according to the OECD 202 technical guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A stock solution (100 mg/L) was prepared with dilution water one day prior to application and shaken with 20 rpm for 24 h at room temperature. After a separation phase of 1 h the WAF was taken from the homogeneous liquid phase.
- Eluate: Dilution water
- Differential loading: WAF with a nominal loading of 100 mg/L.
- Controls: Four replicates of dilution water without test item tested under the same conditions as the test groups. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna (STRAUS)
- Strain: Clone 5
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- Lufthygiene (WaBoLu), further own breeding
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 2 to 24 h
- Method of breeding: In 2-3 L glass vessels with appr. 1.8 L culture medium, at 20 +/- 2 °C, in an incubator, 16 h illumination, illumination strength max. 20 µExm-2 x s-1
- Feeding during test: No feeding
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 h
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: No feeding
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Healthy, no mortality observed
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- Dilution water at test start: 263 (mg CaCO3/L)
- Test temperature:
- 20.4 °C
- pH:
- Water Quality Parameters at Test Start (0 h, New Media)
(measured in one additional replicate of the WAF, the pH-control and the control)
Nominal Loading of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
[mg/L] pH-Value
100 (pH control)* 6.84
100 10.48
Control 7.65
Water Quality Parameters at Test End (48 h, Old Media)
(measured in all replicates)
Nominal Loading of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
[mg/L] pH-Values
Replicates
1 2 3 4
100 (pH control)* 7.22 7.19 7.17 7.16
100 7.41 7.43 7.45 7.46
Control 7.68 7.59 7.68 7.53 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Water Quality Parameters at Test Start (0 h, New Media)
(measured in one additional replicate of the WAF, the pH-control and the control)
Nominal Loading of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
[mg/L] Dissolved O2 - Concentration
[mg/L]
100 (pH control)* 8.48
100 8.45
Control 8.89
Water Quality Parameters at Test End (48 h, Old Media)
(measured in all replicates)
Nominal Loading of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
[mg/L] Dissolved O2 - Concentration [mg/L]
Replicates
1 2 3 4
100 (pH control)* 8.50 8.53 8.52 8.51
100 8.56 8.57 8.58 8.60
Control 8.58 8.44 8.45 8.46 - Salinity:
- Freshwater
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers, 50 mL
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with parafilm
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass beakers (4 cm ID x 7 cm H), 50 mL
- Aeration: No
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): One application at test start, static test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): None
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Acc. to Directive 92/69/EEC Method C.2, Annex 1
- Conductivity: Dilution water at test start: 640 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: Elendt M4 acc. to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L
- Intervals of water quality measurement: At test start and test end
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16:8 light:dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, illumination strength max. 20 µE x m-2 x s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: None, limit test
- Range finding study:
Immobilization Rates of the Preliminary Range Finding Test
(n = 20, divided into 2 replicates with 10 daphnids each)
Nominal Loading
of the
Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
[mg/L] IMMOBILIZATION [%]
24 h 48 h
Replicates Replicates
1 2 MV 1 2 MV
100 0 0 0 0 0 0
(pH control)*
100 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Control 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: None
- Mortality of control: 0%
- Other adverse effects control: None
- Abnormal responses: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: None - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50/LC50: 1.44 (CI 1.35 - 1.54) mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The effects of the WAF were determined directly from the observation data.
EC50-value was only calculated for the reference item by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The confidence interval for EC50 was calculated from the best-fit values, the standard error and the t-distribution with the software GraphPad prism. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- At the water accommodated fraction (WAF)* of the test item Flue Dust S with a nominal loading of 100 mg/L no effect to Daphnia magna was observed.
- Executive summary:
In the acute immobilization test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS) the effects of the water accommodated fraction (WAF)* with a nominal loading of 100 mg/L as a limit concentration of the test item Flue Dust S(batch number: Not specified) were determined according to OECD 202 (2004). The limit test was conducted under static conditions over a period of 48 h from 2010-03-15 to 2010-03-18 with the definitive exposure phase between 2010-03-16 to 2010-03-18 at Dr. U. Noack-Laboratorien, Käthe-Paulus-Str. 1, D-31157 Sarstedt, Germany.
20 test organisms were exposed to the water accommodated fraction, the pH-control and the control. No analytical determination of the test item concentration was carried out, because the test item is a mixture of various inorganic compounds with different properties.
The water quality parameters (pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration), measured at 0 and 48 h, were determined to be within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
EL-Values, NOEL and LOEL
(based on the nominal loading level of the test item)
Test Duration
[h]Nominal Loading Level
of the Test Item
[mg/L]
Confidence Interval
p = 95%
[mg/L]EC50
24
> 100
not applicable
48
> 100
not applicable
EC100
24
> 100
---
48
> 100
---
NOEC
48
100
---
LOEC
48
> 100
---
At the water accommodated fraction (WAF)* of the test item Flue Dust S
with a nominal loading of 100 mg/L no effect to Daphnia magna was observed.- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-03-15 to 2010-03-18
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study, according to the OECD 202 technical guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared with dilution water one day prior to application. The WAF’s were shaken with 20 rpm for 24 h at room temperature. After a separation phase of 1 h the WAF’s were taken from the homogeneous liquid phase.
- Eluate: Dilution water
- Differential loading: Five water accomodated fractions (WAF) were tested in a geometric series with a dilution factor 2:
6.25 - 12.5 - 25.0 - 50.0 - 100 mg/L.
- Controls: Four replicates of dilution water without test item tested under the same conditions as the test groups. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna (STRAUS)
- Strain: Clone 5
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- Lufthygiene (WaBoLu), further own breeding
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 2 to 24 h
- Method of breeding: In 2-3 L glass vessels with appr. 1.8 L culture medium, at 20 +/- 2 °C, in an incubator, 16 h illumination, illumination strength max. 20 µExm-2 x s-1
- Feeding during test: No feeding
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 h
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: No feeding
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Healthy, no mortality observed
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- Dilution water at test start: 263 (mg CaCO3/L)
- Test temperature:
- 20.4 °C
- pH:
- Water Quality Parameters at Test Start (0 h, Fresh Media)
(measured in one replicate per loading level, pH-control and control)
Nominal Loading of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
[mg/L] pH-Value
100 (pH control)* 6.88
100 10.23
50.0 8.14
25.0 7.99
12.5 8.10
6.25 7.83
Control 7.65
Water Quality Parameters at Test End (48 h, Old Media)
(measured in all replicates)
Nominal Loading of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
[mg/L] pH-Values
Replicates
1 2 3 4
100 (pH control)* 7.10 6.93 7.01 7.04
100 7.35 7.37 7.34 7.34
50.0 7.42 7.46 7.37 7.40
25.0 7.64 7.64 7.63 7.60
12.5 7.68 7.59 7.67 7.69
6.25 7.57 7.69 7.50 7.65
Control 7.68 7.59 7.68 7.53 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Water Quality Parameters at Test Start (0 h, Fresh Media)
(measured in one replicate per loading level, pH-control and control)
Nominal Loading of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
[mg/L] Dissolved
O2-Concentration
[mg/L]
100 (pH control)* 8.42
100 8.61
50.0 8.63
25.0 8.63
12.5 8.68
6.25 8.68
Control 8.89
Water Quality Parameters at Test End (48 h, Old Media)
(measured in all replicates)
Nominal Loading of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
[mg/L] Dissolved O2 -Concentration [mg/L]
Replicates
1 2 3 4
100 (pH control)* 8.48 8.45 8.38 8.43
100 8.48 8.45 8.46 8.46
50.0 8.46 8.43 8.45 8.38
25.0 8.46 8.50 8.46 8.47
12.5 8.45 8.46 8.37 8.41
6.25 8.36 8.38 8.40 8.38
Control 8.58 8.44 8.45 8.46 - Salinity:
- Freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured Concentrations and Recovery Rates of Acetessigsäuremethylester
at the Definitive Test
Sampling date 2009-09-01
Test start (0 hours) 2009-09-03
Test end (48 hours)
Start of analysis 2009-09-01 2009-09-03
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] Acetessigsäuremethylester
Meas. conc.
[mg/L] RR
[%] Meas. conc.
[mg/L] RR
[%]
100 97.5 98 93.1 93
Control < LOQ < LOQ
Meas. conc. = Measured concentration, mean value of 2 injections (dilution factor taken into account)
RR = Recovery rate related to the nominal concentration of the test item Acetessigsäuremethylester
LOQ = Limit of quantification of the analytical method (7.5 mg/L) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers, 50 mL
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with parafilm
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass beakers (4 cm ID x 7 cm H), 50 mL
- Aeration: No
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): One application at test start, static test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): None
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Acc. to Directive 92/69/EEC Method C.2, Annex 1
- Conductivity: Dilution water at test start: 640 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: Elendt M4 acc. to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L
- Intervals of water quality measurement: At test start and test end
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16:8 light:dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, illumination strength max. 20 µE x m-2 x s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: No
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: None
- Mortality of control: 0%
- Other adverse effects control: None
- Abnormal responses: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: None - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50/LC50: 1.44 (CI 1.35 - 1.54) mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- As no immobilization after 24 h and mean immobilization rates of = 50 % effects after 48 h were observed, the NOEL, the LOEL, the EL50 and the EL100-values were evaluated directly from the observation data without mathematical calculation.
The EC50-value for the reference test was calculated by using sigmoidal dose-response regression. The confidence interval for the EC50-value was calculated from the best-fit values, the standard error and the t-distribution with the software GraphPad prism.
The EL10-value after 48 h was calculated with the software GraphPad prism by using sigmoidal dose-response regression, respectively. The concentration effect relationship after 48 h is presented graphically. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the nominal loading levels of the test item Flue Dust T the 48-h EL50 for Daphnia magna was estimated to be 100 mg/L.
The NOEL after 48 h was determined to be 50.0 mg/L as the highest tested loading level with no biologically significant effect (Immobilization rates of 10 % are seen to be not significant according to the guideline). The LOEL after 48 h was determined to be 100 mg/L as the lowest tested loading level with a biologically significant effect (Immobilization rates of > 10 % are seen to be significant according to the guideline). - Executive summary:
In the acute immobilization test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS) the effects of the test item Flue Dust T(batch number: 12-2009) were determined according to OECD 202 (2004) from 2010-03-15 to 2010-03-18, with the definitive exposure phase from 2010-03-16 to 2010-03-18, at Dr.U.Noack-Laboratorien, Käthe-Paulus-Str.1, D-31157 Sarstedt.
The study was conducted under static conditions over a period of 48 h with 5 water accommodated fractions (WAF)* with nominal loadings ranging from 6.25 to 100 mg/L set up in a geometric series with a dilution factor of 2. Additionally a pH-control was tested within the test series. 20 test organisms were exposed to each loading level, the pH-control and the control.
No analytical determination of the test item concentration was carried out, because the test item is a mixture of various inorganic compounds with different properties. All effect values, presented in Table 1, are based on the nominal loading levels of the test item Flue Dust T.
The water quality parameters (pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration), measured at 0 and 48 h, were determined to be within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
Table 1: EL10-, EL50- (with Confidence Interval), EL100 - Values, NOEL and LOEL
(based on the nominal concentrations of the test item Flue Dust T)
Test Duration
[h]Nominal Loading
of the Test Item Flue Dust T
[mg/L]Confidence Interval
p = 95%
[mg/L]EL10
24
> 100
---
48
84.3
---
EL50
24
> 100
Not applicable
48
100
Not applicable
EL100
24
> 100
---
48
> 100
---
NOEL
48
50.0
---
LOEL
48
100
---
Referenceopen allclose all
Immobilization Rates of the Finding Test
(n = 20, divided into 2 replicates with 10 daphnids each)
Nominal Loading Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) [mg/L] |
IMMOBILIZATION [%] |
|||||
24 h |
48 h |
|||||
Replicates |
Replicates |
|||||
1 |
2 |
MV |
1 |
2 |
MV |
|
100 (pH control)* |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Immobilization Rates of the Definitive Test after 24 and 48 h of Exposure
(n = 20, divided into 4 replicates with 5 daphnids each)
IMMOBILIZATION [%] |
||||||||||
Flue Dust T Nominal Loading of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) [mg/L] |
24 h |
48 h |
||||||||
Replicates |
Replicates |
|||||||||
1. |
2. |
3. |
4. |
MV |
1. |
2. |
3. |
4. |
MV |
|
100 (pH control)* |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
40 |
60 |
80 |
20 |
50 |
50.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6.25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Description of key information
No acute (short term) toxicity to aquatic invertebrates due to a Klimisch 1 study result.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.