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EC number: 931-328-0 | CAS number: 7440-44-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 10/03/2010 - 10/03/2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study according to international guideline (EC ECB/TM/Feb. 1996) under GLP. No deviations from guideline reported.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: •EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate General XII-JRC, Science Research and Development-Joint Research Centre. “Particle Size Distribution, Fibre Length and Diameter Distribution” Guidance Document, ECB/TM/February 1996.
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not relevant
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- Laser scattering/diffraction
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- Key result
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 20.9 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: range between 0.3 and 200 um (migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.)
- Percentile:
- other: D5
- Mean:
- < 3 µm
- St. dev.:
- 0.353
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- < 4.8 µm
- St. dev.:
- 0.605
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- < 20.9 µm
- St. dev.:
- 0.634
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- < 43.1 µm
- St. dev.:
- 1.884
- Conclusions:
- The mass median diameter (MMD) of steam activated carbon is 20.9 µm, the particle size distribution ranges from 0.5 to 250.0 µm.
- Executive summary:
The particle size distribution of steam activated carbon was determined according to "EC ECB/TM/Feb. 1996" using the laser diffraction method. The mass median diameter (MMD) of steam activated carbon was found to be 20.9 µm, the particle size distribution was found to range from approximately 0.5 to 250.0 µm.
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP study according to international Guidelines
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EN 15051, Workplace atmospheres – Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials – Requirements and reference test methods. Method B "continuous drop"
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 33897-2 "continuous drop"
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- continuous drop method
- Type of distribution:
- mass based distribution
- Key result
- Percentile:
- other: respirable concentration
- Mean:
- 0.14
- St. dev.:
- 1.58
- Remarks on result:
- other: The geometric mean of the respirable concentration equals 0.14 mg/m3 and the reliability that the respirable concentration is below 0.61 mg/m3 is 95 %.
- No.:
- #1
- Size:
- 13 807 - 88 272 other: mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sample 11029: Respirable - Inhalable dust fractions
- No.:
- #2
- Size:
- 1 524 - 43 301 other: mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sample 11032: Respirable - Inhalable dust fractions
- No.:
- #3
- Size:
- 2 033 - 47 621 other: mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sample 11037: Respirable - Inhalable dust fractions
- No.:
- #4
- Size:
- 2 995 - 47 038 other: mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sample 11038: Respirable - Inhalable dust fractions
- No.:
- #5
- Size:
- 2 862 - 41 499 other: mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sample 11040: Respirable - Inhalable dust fractions
- No.:
- #6
- Size:
- 2 128 - 41 393 other: mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sample 11045: Respirable - Inhalable dust fraction
- No.:
- #7
- Size:
- 2 317 - 46 190 other: mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sample 11046: Respirable - Inhalable dust fractions
- No.:
- #8
- Size:
- 3 074 - 39 379 other: mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sample 11048: Respirable - Inhalable dust fractions
- Conclusions:
- When using a representative set of 8 different samples of activated carbon, the statistical calculations show that when using an inhalable DNEL of 2.3 mg/m3, the geometric mean of the respirable fraction equals 0.14 mg/m3 and the reliability that the respirable fraction is below 0.61 mg/m3 is 95 %.
- Executive summary:
Based on the test results of a 90-day inhalation toxicity study with Activated Carbon (AC-HDS) a DNELInhalation, long term local, workerof 0.61 mg/m3 has been derived for the respirable fraction (see chapter 7).
The dustiness was determined in 8 representative samples of activated carbon and the respirable / inhalable fractions were calculated.
The geometric mean of the respirable/inhalable ratio was 6.16 * 10-2, and the geometric standard deviation was 1.58. It was concluded that the test results form an adequately uniform dataset. The calculations show that when using an inhalable DNEL of 2.3 mg/m3, the geometric mean of the respirable fraction equals 0.14 mg/m3 and the reliability that the respirable fraction is below 0.61 mg/m3 is 95 %.
Referenceopen allclose all
For detailed results (distribution of different passages) see attached file results.doc.
Steam Activated Carbon is a black powder. Under the microscope (with a magnification of 100), small-sized particles were observed.
A solubility test showed, that the test item is both: sparingly soluble and well dispersible in water. The particle size distribution of Steam Activated Carbon was performed with two samples of the stock dispersion each measured in duplicate.
The results obtained during the measurements showed no relevant difference. Therefore the study is considered to be valid and no further testing is necessary.
Based on the test results of a 90-day inhalation toxicity study with Activated Carbon (AC-HDS) a DNELInhalation, long term local, workerof 0.61 mg/m3 has been derived for the respirable fraction (see chapter 7).
The dustiness was determined in 8 representative samples of activated carbon. The results of these measurements and the calculated respirable / inhalable fractions are presented in Table 1.
The geometric mean of the respirable/inhalable ratio is 6.16 * 10-2, and the geometric standard deviation is 1.58 (see Table 2). It was concluded that the test results form an adequately uniform dataset. Evaluation of PSD data (see attachment) from each of the activated carbon samples demonstrated that sample 11029 could not be regarded as an outlier and was therefore included in the dataset. The calculations show that when using an inhalable DNEL of 2.3 mg/m3, the geometric mean of the respirable fraction equals 0.14 mg/m3 and the reliability that the respirable fraction is below 0.61 mg/m3 is 95 %.
Table1Results of respirable and inhalable dust fraction and the calculated respirable / inhalable fraction
Sample number |
Respirable dust fraction (mg/kg) |
Inhalable dust fraction (mg/kg) |
Respirable / inhalable ratio of Activated Carbon |
11029 |
13807 |
88272 |
0.156 |
11032 |
1524 |
43301 |
0.035 |
11037 |
2033 |
47621 |
0.043 |
11038 |
2995 |
47038 |
0.064 |
11040 |
2862 |
41499 |
0.069 |
11045 |
2128 |
41393 |
0.051 |
11046 |
2317 |
46190 |
0.050 |
11048 |
3074 |
39379 |
0.078 |
Table2Determination of the Inhalable DNEL based on the respirable/inhalable ratio of activated carbon
Sample number |
Respirable / inhalable ratio of Activated Carbon |
Respirable concentration (mg/m3) if Inhalable concentration = 2.3 mg/m3 |
11029 |
0.156 |
0.36 |
11032 |
0.035 |
0.08 |
11037 |
0.043 |
0.10 |
11038 |
0.064 |
0.15 |
11040 |
0.069 |
0.16 |
11045 |
0.051 |
0.12 |
11046 |
0.050 |
0.12 |
11048 |
0.078 |
0.18 |
GM |
6.16E-02 |
0.14 |
GSD |
1.58 |
1.58 |
Reliability, respirable fraction < 0.61mg/m3 |
|
95.1% |
Description of key information
mass median diametre 20,9 micrometre µm
Additional information
PSD
In a key study, the particle size distribution of Activated Carbon - High Density Skeleton was determined according to "EC ECB/TM/Feb. 1996" using the laser diffraction method. The mass median diameter (MMD) of steam activated carbon was found to be 20.9µm, the particle size distribution was found to range from approximately 0.5 to 250.0µm.
Detailed results:
Percentile |
Mean |
St. dev. |
other: D5 |
< 3 µm |
0.353 |
D10 |
< 4.8 µm |
0.605 |
D50 |
< 20.9 µm |
0.634 |
D90 |
< 43.1 µm |
1.884 |
Dustiness
Based on the test results of a 90-day inhalation toxicity study with Activated Carbon (AC-HDS) a DNELInhalation, long term local, workerof 0.61 mg/m3 has been derived for the respirable fraction (see chapter 7).
The dustiness was determined in 8 representative samples of activated carbon and the respirable / inhalable fractions were calculated.
The geometric mean of the respirable/inhalable ratio was 6.16 * 10-2, and the geometric standard deviation was 1.58. It was concluded that the test results form an adequately uniform dataset. The calculations show that when using an inhalable DNEL of 2.3 mg/m3, the geometric mean of the respirable fraction equals 0.14 mg/m3 and the reliability that the respirable fraction is below 0.61 mg/m3 is 95 %.
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