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EC number: 200-848-3 | CAS number: 75-20-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- other: Review
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Secondary literature: review
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- DRI Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride
- Author:
- IOM (Institute of Medicine).
- Year:
- 1 997
- Bibliographic source:
- Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- DRI Dietary Reference Intakes Calcium Vitamin D
- Author:
- IOM (Institute of Medicine). Ross C, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB
- Year:
- 2 011
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable. This is a a review performed by the Istitute of Medicine. The safety of calcium was assessed in order to identify Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), as well as a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL-the highest average daily intake that is liekely to pose no risk on human health). This study record presents information from two published reviews of IOM, the initial assessment in 1997 and the re evaluation of the UL based on recent data published in 2011.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable for reviews
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium
- EC Number:
- 231-179-5
- EC Name:
- Calcium
- Cas Number:
- 7440-70-2
- Molecular formula:
- Ca
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium
- Details on test material:
- Not relevant
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
TABLE S-1Calcium Dietary Reference Intakes by Life Stage (amount/day) (Table taken as such from the review paper, IOM 2011)
Life Stage Group |
AI |
EAR |
RDA |
UL |
Infants |
||||
0 to 6 mo |
200 mg |
— |
— |
1,000 mg |
6 to 12 mo |
260 mg |
— |
— |
1,500 mg |
Children |
||||
1–3 y |
— |
500 mg |
700 mg |
2,500 mg |
4–8 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,500 mg |
Males |
||||
9–13 y |
— |
1,100 mg |
1,300 mg |
3,000 mg |
14–18 y |
— |
1,100 mg |
1,300 mg |
3,000 mg |
19–30 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,500 mg |
31–50 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,500 mg |
51–70 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,000 mg |
> 70 y |
— |
1,000 mg |
1,200 mg |
2,000 mg |
Females |
||||
9–13 y |
— |
1,100 mg |
1,300 mg |
3,000 mg |
14–18 y |
— |
1,100 mg |
1,300 mg |
3,000 mg |
19–30 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,500 mg |
31–50 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,500 mg |
51–70 y |
— |
1,000 mg |
1,200 mg |
2,000 mg |
> 70 y |
— |
1,000 mg |
1,200 mg |
2,000 mg |
Pregnancy |
||||
14–18 y |
— |
1,100 mg |
1,300 mg |
3,000 mg |
19–30 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,500 mg |
31–50 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,500 mg |
Lactation |
||||
14–18 y |
— |
1,100 mg |
1,300 mg |
3,000 mg |
19–30 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,500 mg |
31–50 y |
— |
800 mg |
1,000 mg |
2,500 mg |
NOTE: AI = Adequate Intake; EAR = Estimated Average Requirement; IU = International Units; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance; UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Level.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In its most recent evaluation (2011) IOM proposes a safe exposure level of 2500 mg calcium/day, as established before, for children between 1 to 8 , and adults between 19 to 51 years old, including pregnant and lactating women. Based on most recent data, ULs for infants (0-6 mo:1000 mg/day, 6-12 mo: 1500 mg/day) and adults older than 51 years (2000 mg/day), needed further refinement. A UL for children and adolescents (9-18 years) was adapted (3000 mg/day) based on additional considerations.
- Executive summary:
The review of IOM (1997) was written as part of an overall attempt for the development of a comprehensive set of reference values for nutrients, including calcium, in the US and Canada. The results were re assessed by IOM in 2011, including more recent data.
In its most recent evaluation (2011) IOM proposes a safe exposure level of 2500 mg calcium/day, as established before in 1997, for children between 1 to 8 , and adults between 19 to 51 years old, including pregnant and lactating women. Based on most recent data, ULs for infants (0-6 mo:1000 mg/day, 6-12 mo: 1500 mg/day) and adults older than 51 years (2000 mg/day), needed further refinement. A UL for children and adolescents (9-18 years) was adapted (3000 mg/day) based on additional considerations.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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