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EC number: 203-743-0 | CAS number: 110-17-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- Not stated
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Peer-reviewed study with sufficient detail to enable confident assessment of the method and interpretation of the results
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 948
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- distribution
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Distribution of endogenous fumaric acid in several tissues of the rat was determined using column partition chromatography for analysing organic acids in biological samples.
Fumaric acid levels in brain, kidney,liver, gastrocnemius muscle and blood from 12 rats - pooled samples collected after 18 hours fasting. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Study conducted prior to establishment of GLP
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Fumaric acid
- EC Number:
- 203-743-0
- EC Name:
- Fumaric acid
- Cas Number:
- 110-17-8
- Molecular formula:
- C4H4O4
- IUPAC Name:
- but-2-enedioic acid
- Details on test material:
- Fumaric acid.
Levels of fumarate were assessed in various tissues.
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Adult rats were maintained on a stock diet and fasted for 18 hours prior to sampling.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: Endogenous levels in rats maintained on stock diet were assessed. The rats were not treated with fumaric acid
- Vehicle:
- other: not applicable
- Details on exposure:
- Rats were fasted for 18 hrs. Endogenous levels of fumaric acid were assessed in tissues from rats maintained on stock diet.
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Not applicable
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Not applicable
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 12 animals
- Control animals:
- no
- Positive control reference chemical:
- Not applicable
- Details on study design:
- Brain, kidney, liver, gastrocnemius muscle and blood was pooled from all rats to determine endogenous fumarate concentrations. The column partition method was used elute various organic acids, including fumaric acid, and the concentration of fumaric acid in each fraction was determined.
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- Not applicable
- Statistics:
- Not applicable
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- Not applicable
Main ADME results
- Type:
- distribution
- Results:
- Recovery studies demonstrate partition chromatography techniques are applicable to animal tissues. Significant fumarate concentrations found in various rat tissues, particularly brain, give analytical support to citric acid cycle metabolism.
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- Not applicable
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- Average concentration of fumaric acid (mg/100g wet tissue) in brain, kidney, liver, gastrocnemic muscle and blood was 15.0, 9.5, 7.8, 2.3, and <0.3, respectively.
The results give analytical support to the importance of fumaric acid in citric acid cycle metabolic processes.
- Details on excretion:
- No details
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not measured
- Details on metabolites:
- No details
Any other information on results incl. tables
Observed distribution of fumarate in pooled tissues of 12 rats fasted for 18 hrs
Tissue | No. of determinations | Average fumaric acid measured (ug) |
Standard deviation | Average concentration of fumaric acid (mg/100 g wet tissue) |
Brain | 2 | 830 | Range of measured values, 40 ug | 15.0 |
Kidney | 4 | 404 | + 65 | 9.5 |
Liver | 4 | 172 | + 5.7 | 7.8 |
Gastrocnemis muscle | 4 | 127 | + 7.8 | 2.3 |
Blood | 3 | 16 | <0.3 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): other: Endogenous fumaric acid is distributed to various tissues in the body, with brain representing the highest concentration
A quantitative measure of fumaric acid in the tissues of the rats support the position that fumaric acid is an important metabolic intermediate in the citric acid cycle. - Executive summary:
A quantitative measure of fumaric acid in the tissues of the rats support the position that fumaric acid is an important metabolic intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
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