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EC number: 234-454-8 | CAS number: 12004-35-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally acceptable scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for assessment.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- In Vitro Electron Microprobe of Carcinogenic Nickel Compound Interaction with Tumor Cells
- Author:
- Berry JP, Poupon MF, Judde JC, Galle P
- Year:
- 1 985
- Bibliographic source:
- ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE. 15: 109-120
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 984
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Describes the uptake and effects of various nickel compounds in various cells in vitro via electron microscopy (EM).
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Rat rhabdomyosarcoma cells (9-4/0) were incubated with nickel compounds at 20 μg/mL for 24 hours. Cells were washed, fixed, and embedded for electron microscopy. Uptake of various nickel compounds was examined.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel monoxide
- EC Number:
- 215-215-7
- EC Name:
- Nickel monoxide
- Cas Number:
- 1313-99-1
- IUPAC Name:
- oxonickel
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): NiO
- Substance type: high temperature green form; inorganic, black nickel oxide (NiO) (Prolabo R. P., Rhone-Poulenc, France)
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
The results were mainly descriptive in nature. NiO was present as fine particles in large vacuoles, but other cell structures were unchanged. Llike nickel subsulfide, a dense substance (presumably Ni) accumulated in the membrane of the vacuole.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The authors state that the results show that nickel salts (Ni3S2 and NiO) are taken up by phagocytosis, whereas pure nickel and iron salts are not. Thus, there appears to be a certain specificity for the penetration of nickel salts in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. The authors further state that the capacity of nickel salts to be phagocytosed is not related to their carcinogenicity since black NiO is not carcinogenic whereas Ni3S2 can both penetrate cells and induce tumours. This suggests that there is no simple relationship between phagocytosis and carcinogenicity of nickel and its various compounds. In addition, there is no evidence of the dissolution of the intracellular crystalline structures, nor of nickel binding to nuclear structures.
- Executive summary:
Berry et al. (1985) described the uptake and effects of NiO, Ni3S2 and colloidal nickel (Ni) in various cells in vitro via electron microscopy (EM). The model systems employed included rat rhabdomyosarcoma cells (9-4/0), murine lymphoma cells (YAC/1), normal human fibroblasts (I.C.I.G.7), and WAG rat peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells. All cells were incubated with nickel at 20 μg/mL for 24 hours. However, results for black NiO were only described in 9-4/0 cells. Following exposure, cells were washed, fixed, and embedded for EM. The results were mainly descriptive in nature. For example, NiO was present as fine particles in large vacuoles, but other cell structures were unchanged. Like nickel subsulfide, a dense substance (presumably nickel) accumulated in the membrane of the vacuole. The authors stated that the results showed that nickel salts (Ni3S2 and NiO) were taken up by phagocytosis, whereas colloidal nickel and iron salts were not. Thus, there appeared to be some specificity for the penetration of nickel salts in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. The authors further stated that the capacity of nickel salts to be phagocytosed was not related to their carcinogenicity (see K3/K4 entry by same author in this IUCLID section) since, according to the authors, black NiO was not reported to be carcinogenic, whereas Ni3S2 had been shown to induce tumors. This suggested to the authors that there is no simple relationship between phagocytosis and carcinogenicity of nickel and its various compounds. In addition, there was no evidence of the dissolution of the intracellular crystalline structures, nor of nickel binding to nuclear structures. Similar (or same) findings were published in Berry et al. (1984). STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
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