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EC number: 255-449-7 | CAS number: 41583-09-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 2014-07-22 to 2014-12-17
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2012
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Batch identification: 0010518011
- Expiry date: 17 Sep 2019
- Storage conditions: The test substance was stored at ambient temperature. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- The concentration of the test substance was determined in one representative test interval per week in each freshly prepared test solution (test vessels without daphnids) and in the 48 h or 72 h old test solutions before renewal (combined sample from test vessels with
daphnids).
Additionally, samples were collected from the 48 hour or 72 hour old abiotic replicate (no
Daphnia or food algae) per test group. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- All test solutions were prepared individually (differential loading). The test substance was weighed into a 1 L, 2 L or 5 L volumetric flask and filled to the mark with test medium. The solution was then stirred for approximately 1 O min. The test stock solutions were visibly colorless and clear after preparation.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - Test species: Daphnia magna STRAUS
- Reason for selection of the test species: Recommended species in the test guidelines
- Origin : The clone of Daphnia magna STRAUS 1820 used was supplied by the lnstitut National de Recherche Chimique Appliquee, France, in 1978. From this date on this clone was cultured and bred continuously in the Ecotoxicology Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen Germany.
- Culture conditions: Daphnia brood stock are kept in mass cultures consisting of approx. 20 - 30 individuals for a maximum of 4 weeks. All individuals in the mass culture originate from a single female. After approximately 14 days the adults have produced at least 3 broods and the young can be used in tests. Offspring are removed from the mass cultures at least once daily during the normal work weelk to ensure that young daphnia are <24-h old (first instar) at test initiation. Detailed records are kept (in test facility archives) to monitor the health of Daphnia brood stock cultures including observations of young production, mortality, ephippia, and measurement of water ch,emistry parameters. Only young from healthy cultures without signs of stress are used for testing.
- Acclimatization: The Daphnia are cultured under the identical conditions as the test including test media (Elendt M4 ), water quality, temperature (20 ±1 °C), and diet.
- Age at test initiation: < 24 h
- Reference substance testing: In order to verify that the Daphnia magna culture is responding normally to toxic stress, tests with a reference substance are conducted monthly. Reference substance tests are conducted generally according to the OECD 202 guideline and in accordance with GLP, but without a GLP status. The EC50(48 h) of the reference substance sodium chloride (NaCl) was 5.25 g/L. This result is wiithin the range of 3.88 - 7.22 g/L, which represents ±2 standard deviations from the published ECso(48 h) of 5.55 g/L and indicates that the culture of Daphnia magna used in this study is responding normally to toxic stress. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 22 d
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- None
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not performed.
- Hardness:
- 2.20 - 3.20 mmol/L
- Test temperature:
- 20-21 deg C
- pH:
- 7.4-8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.3-9.1 mg/L
- Salinity:
- n/a
- Conductivity:
- 550 - 650 μS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 0.46, 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10 mg/L as nominal concentrations
0, 0.44, 0.98, 2.20, 4.83, 10.41 mg/L as time-weighted mean measured - Details on test conditions:
- Test medium:
A synthetic fresh water (Elendt M4) is used as media for culture and test purposes. The general properties of this medium are as follows.
Total hardness: 2.20 - 3.20 mmol/L
Acid capacity up to pH 4.3: 0.80 -1 .00 mmol/L
Molar ratio Ca:Mg: about 4 : 1
pH value: 7.5 - 8.5
Conductivity: 550 - 650 μS/cm
Total organic carbon: < 2 mg/l
Dissolved oxygen: Must remain ~ 3mg/L during the test. To
assure optimal dissolved oxygen levels, the M4 medium is aerated for approximately 24 h prior to use.
Test vessels : Numbered glass beakers (nominal volume 100 mL), covered with glass Petri plates to slow evaporation.
Test volume: 50 mL
Biological loading: 1 animal / test vessel (0.02 animals / mL)
Light intensity / Photo period: 704 - 728 lux at a wave length of 400 -750 nm. The light intensity will not exceed 1000 - 1500 lux for cool white light (equivalent to 15-20 μE·m·2·s·1 according to the test guideline. 16 hours light : 8 hours darkness
Aeration: none
Test solution renewal: Semi-static, renewal 3 times per week
Diet:
During the test daphnids were fed daily a diet of live green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus, cultured in a synthetic
medium. The algae were separated from their culture medium by centrifugation, resuspended in daphnid's medium (M4)
corresponding to concentrations of 1760 mg and 2160 mg TOC*/L (respectively) in the algal concentrates used. The
daphnids were fed a defined volume (s114 μl) of the concentrate to reach the amount of food. The algae were stored in a refrigerator (dark, about 4- 80 °C) for maximum 21 days.
By adding the algal concentrate the test solution was slightly diluted. During a 72 h test interval with 3 feedings, 0.114 mL each, a total of 0.342 ml are added to 50 ml test volume resulting in a maximal dilution of 0.7 %. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- sodium chloride
- Key result
- Duration:
- 22 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Since the measured concentrations of the test substance in the test solutions were within ±20% of the nominal concentrations, the effect concentration can be expressed relative to the nominal concentration.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 22 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Since the measured concentrations of the test substance in the test solutions were within ±20% of the nominal concentrations, the effect concentration can be expressed relative to the nominal concentration.
- Details on results:
- There was no significant adverse effect on reproduction in any treatment group after 22 days. The data were not sufficient to calculate ECx values for reproduction. No toxic effects could be observed in a 22d reproduction test with Daphnia magna. The validity criteria were fulfilled.
No mortality was observed among parent animals over the 22d exposure period.
No additional adverse effects or abnormal behavior were obseNed in any of the test groups.
The validity criteria were fulfilled. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The EC50(48 h) of the reference substance sodium chloride (NaCl) was 5.25 g/L. This result is within the range of 3.88 – 7.22 g/L, which represents ±2 standard deviations from the published EC50 (48 h) of 5.55 g/L and indicates that the culture of Daphnia magna used in this study is responding normally to
toxic stress.
Reference
Description of key information
The chronic toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was assessed in a study (BASF SE, 2014) conducted according to OECD 211 (2012). Daphnia magna was exposed to the test substance for 22 days. The NOEC based on reproduction was determined to be > 10 mg/L. The chronic toxicity and the reproduction toxicity of melamine to Daphnia magna is low.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect concentration:
- > 10 mg/L
Additional information
A study with the target substance was available (BASF SE, 2014). The chronic toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was assessed in a study conducted according to OECD 211 (2012). Daphnia magna was exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.46, 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10 mg/L test substance for 22 d. The test was conducted as semi-static test. After the exposure time no effects on any of the observed endpoints could be detected. The NOEC based on reproduction was determined to be > 10 mg/L and the LOEC >= 10 mg/L. No significant mortality or any other additional significant adverse effects or abnormal behavior were observed in any of the test treatments. The data were not sufficient to calculate ECx values for reproduction or mortality.
In addition, a weight of evidence approach with the read across source substance melamine (CAS 108-78-1) is applied (please refer section 13 for the read across justification of the test substance). In the supporting study (Adema, 1978 (DSM) performed with the read across substance melamine (CAS 108 -78 -1) a 21 d-NOEC for reproduction and mortality was found to be 18 mg/L.
As the substance is a salt of phosphate, effects were read-across from the cation, which is likely to have the more important effects. In biological systems, phosphate is an abundant in cells and body fluids. In ecological terms, because of its important role in biological systems, phosphate is a highly sought-after resource. Thus, read-across from component CAS 108-78-1, melamine, is justified. All effect values are minimum values as the molar ratio anion:cation equals 1.74
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