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EC number: 215-676-4 | CAS number: 1341-49-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published peer reviewed clinical report by the New York City Poison Control Centre
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Survival after intentional oral ingestion of an ammonium bifluoride containing commercial rust remover
- Author:
- Greller, H.A., Hoffman, R.S., Nelson, L.S.
- Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 42(4): 485-486
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- poisoning incident
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: oral
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The paper describes a poisoning incident
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- : not relevant for this study type
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ammonium hydrogendifluoride
- EC Number:
- 215-676-4
- EC Name:
- Ammonium hydrogendifluoride
- Cas Number:
- 1341-49-7
- Molecular formula:
- F2H5N
- IUPAC Name:
- ammonium fluoride hydrofluoride
- Details on test material:
- Commercial rust remover containing ammonium bifluoride (reported concentration 2.5 mg/ml, pH 1.5
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Subjects:
- One healthy 36 year old male
- Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Route of exposure:
- oral
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- estimated
- Details on exposure:
- The man ingested approximately 180 ml of the rust remover at a reported concentration of 2.5 mg/ml and pH 1.5
- Examinations:
- ECG, serum chemistry, nasopharyngeal laryngoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
- Medical treatment:
- Intraveneous CaCl2 and MgSO4 (2 g each). Endotracheal intubation. Boluses of 1 g of Ca gluconate and 2 g of MgSO4. Continuous infusion of NaHCO3 (27 mEq/h).
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- Within minutes of ingestion, the subject was prostrate and vomiting profusely, complaining of severe abdominal pain.
- Results of examinations:
- An initial ECG showed a prolonged QTc of 0.516 s. Resuscitation measures included IV CaCl2 and MgSO4 (2gms each). The QTc narrowed to 0.400 s. Initial serum K+ was 5.8 mmol/L, ionized Ca2+ was 0.935 mmol/L, and lactate was 4.8 mmol/L. During direct nasopharyngeal laryngoscopy, he had hematemesis, and was endotracheally intubated. After intubation, his QTc widened again to 0.500 s. Boluses of 1 g of Ca gluconate and 2 g of MgSO4 were given, and he was started on a continuous infusion of NaHCO3 (27 mEq/h). Central venous access was obtained, and he received an additional 2 g of CaCl2, as well as 2 g of MgSO4 followed by the initiation of a continuous infusion of MgSO4 at 2 g/hr. His QTc narrowed to 0.413 s. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed at the bedside revealed mild edema throughout the length of the esophagus, moderate hemorrhagic gastritis, and a pale appearance to the fundus and greater curvature of the stomach consistent with ischemia. Although a nasogastric tube was placed under direct visualization, nothing was administered. The patient continued to receive intermittent boluses of CaCl2 when his QTc prolonged. By 4 hours after admission, he was admitted to the ICU. Once in the ICU, he required no additional boluses of calcium or magnesium although his infusions of bicarbonate and magnesium were continued for 24 hours. His serum calcium peaked at 5.4 mmol/L two hours post presentation, with ionized calcium of 2.85 mmol/L. His serum magnesium peaked at 3.8 mmol/L at three hours post presentation. Both values declined to normal reference range by his discharge.
- Effectivity of medical treatment:
- See above.
- Outcome of incidence:
- 36 hours post admission he was extubated, stable, and was transferred to psychiatry on hospital day four.
Any other information on results incl. tables
No further information.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The paper reports a case of an adult male who ingested a massive dose of ammoium bifluoride, but survived due to early aggressive therapy. This route of exposure is previously reported to be uniformly fatal. Using the ECG as a guide, therapy was initiated to prevent significant electrolyte abnormalities. The patient was stable approximately 36 hours after the incident.
- Executive summary:
The paper reports a case of an adult male who ingested a massive dose of ammoium bifluoride, but survived due to early aggressive therapy. This route of exposure is previously reported to be uniformly fatal. Using the ECG as a guide, therapy was initiated to prevent significant electrolyte abnormalities. The patient was stable approximately 36 hours after the incident.
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