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EC number: 269-110-6 | CAS number: 68187-58-6 The residue from the distillation of thermal cracked or steam-cracked residuum and/or catalytic cracked clarified oil with a softening point from 40°C to 180°C (104°F to 356°F). Composed primarily of a complex combination of three or more membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Secondary source; data review and critical evaluation, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Determination of terrestrial toxicity of single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) towards various soil-dwelling organisms: No toxicity values of pitch itself in soil are available. The exclusive consideration of PAH data is justified as follows:
1. Coal-tar pitch is a UVCB substance consisting of polycyclic aromatic structures, some 10 % of which can be identified as PAH by GC
2. Pitch is water insoluble and thus not bioavailable or only to very limited extent.
3. Direct and indirect environmental exposure by pitch is very unlikely.
4. Environmental exposure may occur only through release of PAHs during application. - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzo[def]chrysene
- EC Number:
- 200-028-5
- EC Name:
- Benzo[def]chrysene
- Cas Number:
- 50-32-8
- Molecular formula:
- C20H12
- IUPAC Name:
- benzo[pqr]tetraphene
- Reference substance name:
- benzo[def]chrysene / benzo[a]pyrene
- IUPAC Name:
- benzo[def]chrysene / benzo[a]pyrene
- Reference substance name:
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
- IUPAC Name:
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
- Details on test material:
- Main components in coal-tar pitch identifyable and quantifiable by GC:
CAS-No. Concentration [%w/w] *
=====================================
Phenanthrene 85-01-8 0.25 - 0.30
Anthracene 120-12-7 ~ 0.06
Fluoranthene 206-44-0 0.7 - 0.85
Pyrene 129-00-0 0.6 - 0.75
Benz(a)anthracene 56-55-3 0.6 - 0.7
Chrysene 218-01-9 0.8 - 0.85
Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8 0.8- 1.1
=====================================
* Concentrations in coal-tar pitch CS08 (GC analysis)
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Sampling and analysis
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable: Analytical monitoring depending on each investigation
Test substrate
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- not applicable: study specific
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Eisenia sp.; Enchytraeus sp.; Folsomia sp.; Oniscus and Porcellio sp.
- Animal group:
- other: annelida, collembola; crustacea
- Details on test organisms:
- --
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: study-specific
- Limit test:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable: study-specific
- Post exposure observation period:
- --
Test conditions
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable: study-specific
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable: study specific
Results and discussion
- Details on results:
- Results are summarised under the EP summary "Terrestrial toxicity"
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Calculation of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)
The EC10 of 0.53 mg/kgdw for growth efficiency of the isopod Porcellio scaber is used as endpoint for the PNEC. Because chronic toxicity data are available for annelids, crustaceans, and collembola, an assessment factor of 10 can be applied. The PNEC thus becomes 0.053 mg/kgdw. In view of the high extrapolation factor, this PNEC might be overconservative. - Executive summary:
Excerpt from EU 2008: Risk Assessment Report on Coa-Tar Pitch, final draft [R323_0805_ENV_FINAL_ECB.DOC]
3.2.2.1.4 Benzo(a)pyrene
Chronic toxicity studies with B(a)P are available for 2 species each of terrestrial annelids, crustaceans, and collembola. No effects were found for the studies with Folsomia species (Sverdrup et al., 2002; Bleeker et al., 2003 , Droge et al., 2006). For annelids, effects were observed in one study only, with Eisenia fetida being slightly more sensitive than Enchytraeus crypticus (Achazi et al., 1995). The NOECs for reproduction are 2.6 and 8.7 mg/kgdw respectively, recalculated to a soil with 2% organic carbon. For the crustaceans Oniscus asellus and Porcellio scaber effects were observed in tests that were conducted in contaminated food with a organic matter content of more than 90% (Van Straalen & Verweij, 1991; Van Brummelen & Stuijfzand, 1992; Van Brummelen et al., 1996). This way of exposure introduces a large extrapolation to a soil with 3.4% organic matter (2% organic carbon). No significant effects on growth of Oniscus assellus were observed in a 47-w study up to concentrations of 12 mg/kgdw, recalculated to a soil with 2% organic carbon (Van Brummelen et al., 1996). In a 9-w study, however, effects were observed (Van Brummelen & Stuijfzand, 1992). The NOEC for weight and length is 1.2 mg/kgdw and for mortality 3.8 mg/kgdw in standard soil. The EC10s derived from the presented data for wet and dry weight, and length vary from 2.8 to 4.2 mg/kgdw. For Porcellio scaber too no significant effects on growth were observed in a 47-w study up to concentrations of 12 mg/kgdw, recalculated to a soil with 2% organic carbon (Van Brummelen et al., 1996). Also in this case in the 9-w study effects were observed (Van Brummelen & Stuijfzand, 1992). The NOEC for weight is 1.2 mg/kgdw but for length no significant effects were observed at concentrations of up to 12 mg/kgdw, recalculated to a soil with 2% organic carbon. Although in this case no firm dose-response relationships could be derived from the presented data, a decrease in fresh weight, length, and dry weight of more than 10% appears from these data at concentrations higher than 0.12 mg/kgdw, recalculated to a soil with 2% organic carbon. At higher concentrations these parameters remain more or less constant. The absence of a clear dose-response curve might be the result of the limited solubility of B(a)P. If it is assumed that uptake of the compounds occurs via the aqueous phase, the further uptake and hence more effect can be limited by the aqueous solubility of B(a)P of 1.2-1.8 μg/l (Mackay et al., 2000). In a third study, the growth efficiency was studied during 4 weeks (Van Straalen & Verweij, 1991). Growth efficiency was expressed as increase of dry weight divided by the difference between the consumption of food and defecation. Because the consumption of food and the assimilation efficiency were more or less constant for both male and female isopods, the growth efficiency mainly represents the increase in dry weight. The NOEC for growth efficiency of male isopods is 0.94 mg/kgdw, extrapolated to 2% organic carbon. A clear dose-response curve is presented. From the presented figure an EC10 of 0.53 mg/kgdw in standard soil is estimated with a log-logistic model. For female isopods no significant effects were observed at the highest concentration of 4.7 mg/kgdw recalculated to standard soil. However, for females a strong increase is observed for the growth efficiency at the two lowest concentrations. In comparison with these concentrations the growth efficiency declines strongly after 0.2 mg/kgdw in standard soil. Due to the initial increase in growth efficiency the fit of the log-logistic dose-response curve is not as good as for male isopods. However, similar values are obtained for the EC50 and EC10. The EC10 for growth efficiency of male isopods of 0.53 mg/kgdw is comparable with the concentrations at which 10% effect or more was observed in the study by Van Brummelen & Stuijfzand (1992). In this study by Van Straalen & Verweij (1991) the food was refreshed once a week. The concentrations were expressed as nominal concentrations. Initial concentrations were more than 90% of the nominal concentrations.
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