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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 202-424-3 | CAS number: 95-49-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 100 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Correction of starting point according to ECHA R8 guidance (p.59):
Corrected inhalatory NOEC = Oral NOEL (20 mg/kg bw/d) /1.4 * 70 kg bw / 10 m³/person
=> NOAEC worker = 100 mg/m³- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- sub-chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- For interspecies differences dog vs. human: 1 (according TGD Table R.8-4., already covered by correction of starting point: 1.4 for dog)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20 mg/m³
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.57 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 35
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
In the absence of substance specific data, oral and dermal absorption are both assumed to be 100%.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- sub-chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1.4
- Justification:
- study in dogs
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
- dog, male, female,
- Subchronic capsule study over 90 days
- dog: 0 (control), 5, 20 or 80 mg/kg bw/d
- Effects: NOEL > 20 mg/kg bw/day (male + female dogs)
- inhalation systemic longterm
- Correction for inhalatory NOAEC: 1.1 mg/L * 6/8 * 6.7m³/10m³ = 0.552 mg/L
- Interspecies variability (remaining differences): 2.5
- Intraspezies differences: 5
- Differences in exposure duration: 6
- For reliability of dose-response: 1
- For quality of whole database: 1
- Overall factor: 75
- DNEL: 0.00737 mg/L = 7.37 mg/m³
- dermal systemic longterm
- Correction for oral/dermal starting point: 1100 mg/m³ * 0.29 m³/kg bw = 319 mg/kg bw/d
- Allometric scaling: 4
- Interspecies variability (remaining differences): 2.5
- Intraspezies differences: 5
- Differences in exposure duration: 6
- For reliability of dose-response: 1
- For quality of whole database: 1
- Overall factor: 300
- DNEL: 1.06 mg/kg bw/d
Repeated dose toxicity study is the basis for the derivation of DNELs:
Study:Repeated dose study (rel 2-key, 13 wks, dog, Worth, 1974)
In all dose groups no treatment related effects on behaviour, survival, hematology, clinical chemistry, histopathology, eyes and bone marrow were observed. Occasional episodes of vomiting in 1/4 females and red blood in the feces of this animal given 80 mg/kg bw/d is regarded to be the physiological response to the treatment with the slightly irritating compound.
Reference: Gibson WE, Gossett FO, Koenig GR, Marroquin F (1974), The toxicity of daily oral doses of o-chlorotoluene in the dog, Toxicology Division Lilly Research Laboratories Study D-4433
For comparison, the DNELs were also calculated based on the developmental toxicity study with rats reported in IUCLID section 7. 8.2 (rel 2-key, rat, Huntingdon, 1983).
In this study pregnant Charles River rats were exposed from gestation days 6 to 19 to test material at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, or 9 mg/l air for 6 h. The NOAEC for maternal toxicity was 1.1 mg/L, the NOAEC for teratogenicity 3.1 mg/L.
With the NOAEC of 1.1 mg/L air the following DNLEs were calculated:
These DNELs are slightly higher than the ones calculated basd on the repeated dose study. Therefore, the DNELs calculated based on the repeated oral study in dogs were selected.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 50 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Correction of starting point according to ECHA R8 guidance (p.58):
Corrected inhalatory NOEC = Oral NOEL (20 mg/kg bw/d) /1.4 * 70 kg bw / 20 m³/person
=> NOAEC general population = 50 mg/m³- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- sub-chronis study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- For interspecies differences dog vs. human: 1 (already covered by correction of starting point: 1.4 for dog)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 mg/m³
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.286 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 70
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
In the absence of substance specific data, oral and dermal absorption are both assumed to be 100%.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- sub-chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1.4
- Justification:
- study in dogs
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.286 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 70
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1.4
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
For details on derivation of DNELs see section "Additional information - workers". The same studies for DNEL derivation were selected for workers and general population.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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