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EC number: 235-428-9 | CAS number: 12225-21-7 This substance is identified in the Colour Index by Colour Index Constitution Number, C.I. 19140:1.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
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- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
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- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- three-generation reproductive toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer-reviewed journal
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of tartrazine on exploratory behavior in a three-generation toxicity study in mice.
- Author:
- Toyohito Tanaka∗, Osamu Takahashi, Shinshi Oishi, Akio Ogata
- Year:
- 2 008
- Bibliographic source:
- Reproductive Toxicology 26 ,156–163,2008
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: guidelines issued by ICH [12] and OECD [13] adapted for mice.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Three-generation behavior toxicity study of tartrazine in mice.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
- Justification for study design:
- No data available.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tartrazine
- IUPAC Name:
- Tartrazine
- Reference substance name:
- Trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulphophenyl)-4-(4-sulphophenylazo)pyrazole-3-carboxylate
- EC Number:
- 217-699-5
- EC Name:
- Trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulphophenyl)-4-(4-sulphophenylazo)pyrazole-3-carboxylate
- Cas Number:
- 1934-21-0
- Molecular formula:
- C16-H12-N4-O9-S2.3Na
- IUPAC Name:
- trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulphophenyl)-4-(4-sulphophenylazo)pyrazole-3-carboxylate
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report):Tartrazine
- Molecular formula :C16H12N4O9S2.3Na
- Molecular weight :534.36 g/mole
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Liquid , dye
- Analytical purity:85.0%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations):No data available.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report):Tartrazine
- Molecular formula :C16H12N4O9S2.3Na
- Molecular weight :534.36 g/mole
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Liquid , dye
- Analytical purity:85.0%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations):No data available.
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- Crj: CD(SD)
- Details on species / strain selection:
- No data available.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Japan Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
- Age at study initiation: 5 weeks of age of the F0 generation to 9 weeks of age of the F2 generation.
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: x-x g; Females: x-x g; (F1) Males: x-x g; Females: x-x g
- Fasting period before study: No data available.
- Housing: They were housed individually in polycarbonate
Solid-floored cages with wood flakes.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Basal diets (Nihon Clea, CE-2)
ad libitum.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): They were given water ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: 1 week
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 25±1 ◦C
- Humidity (%):50±5%.
- Air changes (per hr): No data available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h light/12 h dark cycle
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- other: Basal diets (Nihon Clea, CE-2)
- Details on exposure:
- Details on exposure
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): The experimental diets were prepared bimonthly (three times) in the laboratory.
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): After mixing tartrazine with the powdered diet (basal Diets, Nihon Clea, CE-2), pellets were formed and fed to mice. Tartrazine was stable in the pellets during the experimental period when previously measured by
HPLC. The homogeneity of the test compound was ensured by the preparation procedures of the experimental diets in the laboratory when
previously measured by HPLC. The concentration and homogeneity of the test compound in the diet was not tested during the experimental period.
- Storage temperature of food: No data available.
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water):No data available
- Concentration in vehicle: 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45%,
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): Not applicable.
- Lot/batch no. (if required): No data available
- Purity: No data available - Details on mating procedure:
- - M/F ratio per cage:1:1
- Length of cohabitation: 5 days
- Proof of pregnancy: [vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear] referred to as [day 0 / day 1] of pregnancy-No data available.
- After ... days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility.- No data available.
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: [no / yes (explain)]- No data available.
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how):No data available.
- Any other deviations from standard protocolNo data available. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- approx. 200 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Details on study schedule:
- - F1 parental animals not mated until [...] weeks after selected from the F1 litters.:5 weeks of age
- Selection of parents from F1 generation when pups were [...] days of age.9 weeks of age
- Age at mating of the mated animals in the study: [...] weeks:4-9 weeks
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45%(0, 71.3, 214.9 and 642.8 mg/kg/day))
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Total no. of animals-80
0 mg/kg bw/day- 10 male, 10 female
71.3 mg/kg bw/day -10 male, 10 female
214.9 mg/kg bw/day-10 male, 10 female
642.9 mg/kgbw/day -10 male, 10 female - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale:
Micewere assigned to the groups by the stratified randomization method. - Positive control:
- No data available.
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: yes
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data available.
- Time schedule:
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations:The animals were weighed individually on experimental days 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 30 during the preconception period.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data
- Time schedule for examinations:
OTHER: No. of females examined, No. of pregnant females, No. of litters No. of offspring, Average litter size, Average litter weight, Total sex ratio (male/female) and Average sex ratio (male %) were also observed. Exploratory behavior of mice was measured in an animal movement analyzing system ANIMATE AT- at 8 weeks of in the F0. - Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- No data available.
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- No data available.
- Litter observations:
- For F1 generation offspring were weighed individually on PNDs 0, 4, 7, 14, and 21 during the lactation period. The survival indices were calculated as (live offspring at each period)/ (live and dead offspring at birth) ×100%.
For F1 generation body weight was observed at 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, and 9 weeks of age after weaning. Different neurobehavioral test like Surface righting,
Negative geotaxis, Cliff avoidance, Swimming behavior and Olfactory orientation were observed on PND 4-14 .Food intake and chemical intake was observed during Preconception, mating, gestation and Lactation. No. of females examined, No. of pregnant females, No. of litters No. of offspring, Average litter size, Average litter weight Total sex ratio (male/female) and Average sex ratio (male %) were also observed.
For F2 generation offspring were weighed individually on PNDs 0, 4, 7, 14, and 21 during the lactation period. The survival indices were calculated as (live offspring at each period)/ (live and dead offspring at birth) ×100%. The offspring were weaned when they were 4 weeks of age, and one male and one female were selected at random from each litter to continue treatment. The animals were weighed individually at 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, and 9 weeks of age after weaning.
Animals at 7weeks of age in the F1 and F2 generation each performed 1 trial per day for 3 days in a Biel-type multiple-T water maze adapted for mice. Exploratory behavior of mice was measured in an animal movement analyzing system ANIMATE AT- at 8 weeks of in the F1 and F2. - Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- No data available.
- Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- No data available.
- Statistics:
- Food intake, litter size, litter weight, and body weight were assessed with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests after the analysis of variance
(ANOVA) or the Kruskal–Wallis test. Sex ratio, survival and behavioural developmental data were assessed with the X2-test or with Fisher’s exact test of
frequency analysis. Movement activity data were assessed with the Steel–Dwass test of non-parametric methods. Multiple-T water maze performance data were assessed with the Sign–Wilcoxon test for trials and assessed with the Steel–Dwass test within each treatment group. Dose-response effects were assessed with the Jonckheere test for ordered alternatives or the cumulative -test (multi) for frequency data - Reproductive indices:
- - Fertility index was observed.
- Offspring viability indices:
- Viability index was observed.
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- In movement activity of exploratory behavior at 8weeks of age, no variables of measurement showed a significant adverse effect of tartrazine in male and female mice of treated group compare to contol.
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant change was observed in the male and female mice during the preconception or mating periods in all treated group compare to control. Even the average body weight of dams showed no significant adverse effect during the gestation or lactation period in treated group compare to control .
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant change was observed in the food consumption of male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% to control.
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant change was observed in the chemical intake of male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% to control.
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Immunological findings:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- not specified
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not specified
- Reproductive performance:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Abortion was observed in four dams, one dam each in the low dosed(0.05%) and middle-dosed groups(0.15), and two dams in the high-dosed groups (0.45%). One dam in the high-dosed group(0.45%)killed its all offspring during the first week of lactation. One dam in the control(0%) group had not nursed its offspring during the first week of lactation.
Details on results (P0)
BODY WEIGHT - No significant change was observed in the male and female mice during the preconception or mating periods in all treated groupcompare to control. Even the average body weight of dams showed no significant adverse effect during the gestation or lactation period in treated group compare to control .
FOOD CONSUMPTION (PARENTAL ANIMALS)-- No significant change was observed in the food consumption of male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% to control.
TEST SUBSTANCE INTAKE (PARENTAL ANIMALS)-No significant change was observed in the chemical intake of male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% to control.
REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: ESTROUS CYCLE (PARENTAL ANIMALS)-No data available
REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: SPERM MEASURES (PARENTAL ANIMALS)- No data available
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE (PARENTAL ANIMALS)-Abortion was observed in four dams, one dam each in the lowdosed(0.05%) and middle-dosed groups(0.15), and two dams in the high-dosed groups (0.45%). One dam in the high-dosed group(0.45%)killed its all offspring during the first week of lactation. One dam in the control(0%) group had not nursed its offspring during the first week of lactation.
ORGAN WEIGHTS (PARENTAL ANIMALS)- No data available
GROSS PATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS)- No data available
HISTOPATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS)-No data available
OTHER FINDINGS (PARENTAL ANIMALS)- No data available
Effect levels (P0)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 642.8 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- food consumption and compound intake
- water consumption and compound intake
- reproductive performance
- other: No significant effect were observed on the clinical sign,body weight ,food consumption,chemical intake and reproductive performace .
- Remarks on result:
- other: No treatment related effects was observed
Target system / organ toxicity (P0)
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- System:
- other: not specified
- Organ:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality / viability:
- mortality observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- One dam killed its litter in the high-dosed group during the first week of the lactation. All offspring of one litter died in the control group during
the first weeks of the lactation period since their dam had not nursed. - Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- In the , 0.05% dosed group, the average body weight of male and female offspring was increased significantly throughout the lactation period .In the 0.15%dosed group, the average body weight of male offspring was increased significantly at PND 7.In the 0.45% dosed group, the average body weight of male offspring was increased significantly at PND 21. No significant change was observed in the male and female mice during the preconception or mating periods in all treated groupcompare to control in F1 generation.
The average body weight of dams showed no significant adverse effect during the gestation or lactation period in all treated group 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% compare to control. - Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant change was observed in the food consumption of F1 male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% to control.
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Sexual maturation:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
Developmental neurotoxicity (F1)
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Significant change were observed in the neurobehaviur test ,Swimming direction at PND7 in F1 generation male at dose level 0.15%and surface righting at PND7 in female offspring at dose level 0.15%compare to control
Developmental immunotoxicity (F1)
- Developmental immunotoxicity:
- not specified
Details on results (F1)
F1 generation
NO significant change were observed in the viability index in F1 generation male and female offspring compare to control during lactation period.
F2generation - No significant adverse effect was observed in Viability index in all treated group 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45%compare to control during lactation period.
CLINICAL SIGN
F1 generation
Clinical signs- No significant change were observed in thelitter size and sex ratio at birth in F1 generation male and female offspring compare to control during lactation period.
F2generation - No significant adverse effect was observed in litter size, litter weight, or sex ratio at birth.
Sexual maturation- (OFFSPRING)-
F1 generation
Reproductive performance- Four dams had not became pregnant, two dams in the control and one dam each in the low-dosed (0.05%) and middle-dosed groups(0.15). Abortion was observed in one dam in the high-dosed group(0.45%).
BODY WEIGHT (OFFSPRING)
F1 generation
Body weight -No significant change was observed in the male and female mice during the preconception or mating periods in all treated group compare to control in F1 generation.The average body weight of dams showed no significant adverse effect during the gestation or lactation period in all treated group 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% compare to control.
food consumption- No significant change was observed in the food consumption of F1 male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% to control.
F2 generation
Body weight -
In the low-dosed group, the average body weight of female offspring was affected significantly at birth and was increased significantly at PNDs 14 and 21, and that of male offspring was increased significantly at PNDs 7, 14 and 21. In middle-dosed group, the average body weight of male offspring was increased significantly throughout the lactation period, and that of female offspring was increased significantly at PNDs 7, 14 and 21. There was no sex-related difference in average body weight during the lactation period
.
food consumption- No significant change was observed in the food consumption of F2 male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% to control.
ORGAN WEIGHTS (OFFSPRING) No data available
GROSS PATHOLOGY (OFFSPRING)-No data available
HISTOPATHOLOGY (OFFSPRING)-No data available
OTHER FINDINGS (OFFSPRING)-
F1 generation
Neurological behaviour-
Significant change were observed in the neurobehaviur test ,Swimming direction at PND7 in F1 generation male at dose level 0.15%and surface righting at PND7 in female offspring at dose level 0.15%compare to control.
F2generation -
Neurological behaviour-
Significant change were observed in the neurobehaviur test ,Swimming direction at PND7 and time taken of olfactory orientation at PND 14 in F2
generation male at dose level 0.15% and 0.45% respectively and surface righting at PND7 in female offspring at dose level 0.15 %compare to
control.
Test substance intake
F1 generation
Test substance intake- No significant change was observed in the chemical intake of F1 male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% to control.
F12generation
Test substance intake- No significant change was observed in the chemical intake of F2 male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% compare to control.
Effect levels (F1)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- 642.8 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- viability
- mortality
- body weight and weight gain
- food consumption and compound intake
- developmental neurotoxicity
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks on result:
- other: No reproductive toxicity was observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- 214.9 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- other: neurobehavioural changes
- Remarks on result:
- other: neurobehavioural changes was observed
Target system / organ toxicity (F1)
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- System:
- other: not specified
- Organ:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
Results: F2 generation
General toxicity (F2)
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality / viability:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- In the 0.05%dosed group, the average body weight of female offspring was affected significantly at birth and was increased significantly at PNDs 14 and 21, and that of male offspring was increased significantly at PNDs 7, 14 and 21. In 0.15% dosed group, the average body weight of male offspring was increased significantly throughout the lactation period, and that of female offspring was increased significantly at PNDs 7, 14 and 21. There was no sex-related difference in average body weight during the lactation period.
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant change was observed in the food consumption of F2 male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% to control.
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant change was observed in the chemical intake of F2 male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group 0, 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% compare to control.
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Sexual maturation:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
Developmental neurotoxicity (F2)
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The behavioural developmental parameters, the development of swimming direction at PND 7 was accelerated significantly in the 0.45%dosed group in male offspring. Time taken of olfactory orientation at PND 14 was accelerated significantly in the 0.15%-dosed and 0.45% dosed groups and those effects were significantly dose-related in a trend test(P < 0.01). Surface righting at PND 7 was accelerated significantly in the 0.15% dosed group in female offspring . In movement activity of exploratory behaviour at 3 weeks of age, total distance (cm), average distance (cm) and average speed (cm/s) showed a significant tendency to be affected in the treatment groups in male offspring in a trend test (P < 0.05, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively.
Developmental immunotoxicity (F2)
- Developmental immunotoxicity:
- not specified
Effect levels (F2)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Generation:
- F2
- Effect level:
- 642 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- mortality
- body weight and weight gain
- food consumption and compound intake
- Remarks on result:
- other: No developmental effects was observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Generation:
- F2
- Effect level:
- 214.9 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- other: neurobehavioural changes
- Remarks on result:
- other: effects on neurobehavioural changes observed
Target system / organ toxicity (F2)
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- System:
- other: not specified
- Organ:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
- Relation to other toxic effects:
- not specified
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In three generation reproductive toxicity study,NOAEL was considered to be 642.8 mg/kg/day (0.45%) for Tartrazine in both P and F1 generation (Crlj: CD1 male and female mice by oral diet.
- Executive summary:
A three generation reproductive toxicity study was conducted forTartrazine(1934-21-0) in(Crlj: CD1 male and female mice.The design of the study was based on the guidelines issued by ICH[12]and OECD[13]adapted for mice The test materialwas given to male and female mice in the diet at levels of 0 (control), 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45%(0, 71.3, 214.9 and 642.8 mg/kg/day)from 5 weeks of ageof the F0 generation to 9weeks of age of the F2 generation. 10 male and 10 female in each dose group.Clinical sign ,body weight, food consumption,chemical intake ,reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were measured. Thelitter size or sex ratio at birth,litter weight and viability index of offspring were also observed..No. of females examined, No. of pregnant females, No. of litters No. of offspring, Average litter size, Average litter weight, Total sex ratio (male/female) and Average sex ratio (male %) were also observed.Exploratory behavior of mice was measured in an animal movement analyzing system ANIMATE AT- at 8 weeks of in the F0.
In parents,movement activity of exploratory behavior at 8 weeks of age, no variables of measurement showed a significant adverse effect of tartrazine in male and female mice of treated group compare to contol.No significant change was observed in themale and female mice during the preconception or mating periods in all treated group compare to control.Even the average body weight of dams showed no significant adverse effect during the gestation or lactation period in treated group compare to control.No significant change was observed in the food consumption ofmale and female mice during the preconception, mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0,0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45%to control.No significant change was observed in the chemical intake ofmale and female mice during the preconception, mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0,0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45%to control. Abortion was observed in four dams, one dam each in the lowdosed(0.05%) and middle-dosed groups(0.15), and two dams in the high-dosed groups (0.45%). One dam in the high-dosed group(0.45%)killed its all offspring during the first week of lactation. One dam in the control(0%) group had not nursed its offspring during the first week of lactation.
In the F1 generation,In the,0.05%dosed group, the average body weight of male and female offspring was increased significantly throughout the lactation period .In the0.15%dosed group, the average body weight of male offspring was increased significantly at PND 7.In the0.45%dosed group, the average body weight of male offspring was increased significantly at PND 21.No significant change was observed in the male and female mice during the preconception or mating periods in all treated group compare to control in F1 generation.
The averagebody weight of dams showed no significant adverse effect during the gestation or lactation period in all treated group0,0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% compare to control.No significant change was observed in the food consumption of F1male and female mice during the preconception ,mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0,0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45%to control.The development of swimming direction at postnatal day (PND) 7 was accelerated significantly in male offspring in a dose-related manner. Surface righting at PND 7 was affected significantly in female offspring in dose-related manner. Several variables in exploratory behavior showed significant tendencies to be affected in the treatment groups in male offspring at 3 weeksof age.
In the F2 generation, In the 0.05% dosed group, the average body weight of female offspring was affected significantly at birth and was increased significantly at PNDs 14 and 21, and that of male offspring was increased significantly at PNDs 7, 14 and 21. In 0.15% dosed group, the average body weight of male offspring was increased significantly throughout the lactation period, and that of female offspring was increased significantly at PNDs 7, 14 and 21. There was no sex-related difference in average body weight during the lactation period.No significant change was observed in the food consumption of F2male and female mice during the preconception, mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group compare 0,0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45%to control.No significant change was observed in the chemical intake of F2male and female mice during the preconception, mating periods, gestation and lactation period in all treated group 0,0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45%compareto control.The development of swimming direction at PND 7was accelerated significantly in the 0.45%dosed group in male offspring. Time taken of olfactory orientation at PND 14 was accelerated significantly in male offspring in a dose-related manner. Several variables in exploratory behavior showed significant tendencies to be affected in the treatment groups in male offspring at 3 weeks of age, and in males at 8 weeks of age. The dose levels of tartrazine in the present study produced a few adverse effects on neurobehavioral parameters throughout generations in mice .But no adverse effect were observed on reproductive parameter in all generations of (Crlj: CD1 male and female mice in all treated group 0,0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% compareto control. Therefore NOAEL was considered to be642.8 mg/kg/day (0.45%) for Tartrazine(1934-21-0) in both P and F1 generation (Crlj: CD1 )male and female mice for reprotoxicity effect.
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