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EC number: 202-723-9 | CAS number: 99-04-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- in some treatments pH was below 6-9 and pH in stock solution was not adjusted to that of the test medium prior to testing
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- 50 ml water samples for concentration measurement of m-toluic acid were taken at test initiation (0 h) and at the end of the test (48 h).
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A stock solution was prepared by dissolving m-toluic acid in dechlorinated tap water. This stock solution was diluted to prepare appropriate test solutions.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: Test organisms were obtained from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan)
- Age of parental stock: 2-4 weeks
- Age at test initiation: < 24 h
- Feeding during test: None
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2-4 weeks
- Acclimation conditions: same as test (dechlorinated tap water; T: 20 ± 1 °C; 16:8 h light/dark)
- Type and amount of food: Chlorella vulgaris; 0.15 mg organic carbon per daphnid per day
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Only containers in which no abnormalities and mortality were observed, were used for testing - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 72 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 19.6-20.9 °C
- pH:
- 3.9-7.8 (see additional results)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.6-9.5 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0 (control), 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 180, 320 mg/L
Measured (at 0 h): < 0.05 (control), 11.9, 21, 26.5, 58.6, 107, 188, 318 mg/L
Measured (at 48 h): < 0.05 (control), 11.6, 20.7, 26.5, 59.6, 106, 178, 328 mg/L. At nominal concentrations of 180 and 320 mg/L, measurements were conducted at 24 h instead of 48 h, since all daphnids were dead at 48 h. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 270 ml glass beaker
- Type: closed
- Fill volume: 100 ml test solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Tsukuba City tap water was treated with activated charcoal, residual chlorine was removed and it was fully ventilated
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16:8 h light:dark
- Light intensity: not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- immobilization, every 24 h
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Performed prior to definitive test, concentrations not specified - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 75 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Effects on mobility of D. magna observed at or above 100 mg/L are considered to be associated with an acidification of the test medium.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 75 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Effects on mobility of D. magna observed at or above 100 mg/L are considered to be associated with an acidification of the test medium
- Details on results:
- Measured concentrations were at 83-119 % of the nominal values at 0 h and at 48 h. pH values decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of the test substance m-toluic acid. At test concentrations of ≥ 100 mg m-toluic acid/L the test medium pH dropped below the pH range of 6-9 specified in OECD test guideline 202.
According to the ECHA guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b: Endpoint specific guidance (Version 4.0, June 2017), where a substance causes a change in pH of the test medium (e.g. strong acids and bases), the pH should be adjusted to lie within the specified range for the test using a suitable technique. Furthermore, according to OECD 202 (2004), if the pH does not remain in the range 6-9, then a second test could be carried out, adjusting the pH of the stock solution to that of the dilution water before addition of the test substance. Since no precautions were taken prior to testing to adjust the pH of the test substance e.g. in the stock suspension, the pH of the test medium in treatment groups with m-toluic acid concentration equal to or above 100 mg/L dropped below the recommended pH range of 6-9 (OECD 202, 2004). Thus, effects on mobility of D. magna observed at or above 100 mg/L are considered to be associated with an acidification of the test medium and are not considered to be reliable. However, conservatively for toluic acid an 48 h EC50 of 75 mg/L is derived from this test. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 48 h EC50: 0.42 mg/L (Test conducted in October 1998)
48 h EC50: 0.44 mg/L (Test conducted in June 1999)
EC50 values obtained for the reference substance potassium dichromate are slightly lower than the values specified in the OECD guideline 202 (EC50: 0.6-2.1 mg/L), which might indicate a slightly increased sensitivity of test organisms in the present study. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The statistical method for calculation of EC50 values was binomial.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Daphnia magna neonates (< 24 h old) were exposed to m-toluic acid in dechlorinated tap water in an acute immobilisation test according to OECD TG 202. The mobility of Daphnia magna was determined after 24 and 48 h and toxicity was not observed (24-h EC50: > 56.0 mg/L (nominal), 48-h EC50: > 56.0 mg/L (nominal)). A significant decrease of pH with increasing test concentrations led to the pH being below the recommended range of 6-9 (OECD TG 202) at test concentrations ≥ 100 mg/L. Immobilizing effects were also observed at concentrations ≥ 100 mg/L, with an increase from 0 % immobilization at 56 mg/L to 100 % immobilization at 100 mg/L. According to the ECHA guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b: Endpoint specific guidance (Version 4.0, June 2017), if a substance causes a change in pH of the test medium (e.g. strong acids and bases), the pH should be adjusted to remain within the specified range for the test using a suitable technique. Furthermore, according to OECD TG 202, if the pH does not remain in the range 6-9, then a second test could be carried out, adjusting the pH of the stock solution to that of the dilution water before addition of the test substance.The pH of solutions containing the test substance was, however, not adjusted. Thus, effects on mobility of D. magna observed at ≥ 100 mg/L are considered to be associated with an acidification of the test medium and are not considered to be related to the intrinsic toxicity of m-toluic acid. However, a 48-h EC50 of 75 mg/L is conservatively derived for m-toluic acid.
Reference
Table 1: Nominal and measured concentrations at 0 and 48 h
Nominal conc. (mg/L) |
Measured conc. (mg/L) |
Percent of nominal |
|||
0 h |
48 h |
mean |
0 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
< 0.05 |
< 0.05 |
- |
- |
- |
10 |
11.9 |
11.6 |
11.7t |
119 |
116 |
18 |
21.0 |
20.7 |
20.8t |
117 |
115 |
32 |
26.5 |
26.5 |
26.5a |
83 |
83 |
56 |
58.6 |
59.6 |
59.1a |
105 |
106 |
100 |
107 |
106 |
106t |
107 |
106 |
180 |
188 |
178* |
183t |
104 |
99* |
320 |
318 |
328* |
323a |
99 |
103* |
a: arithmetic mean
t: time-weighted mean
* measurements after 24 h, as all test organisms were dead at 48 h
Table 2: Immobility of Daphnia magna
Nominal conc. (mg/L) |
Cumulative number of immobile or dead organisms (Percent immobility) |
|
24 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
10 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
18 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
32 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
56 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
100 |
20 (100) |
20 (100) |
180 |
20 (100) |
20 (100) |
320 |
20 (100) |
20 (100) |
Table 3: pH values of test solutions at 0 h and 48 h
Nominal conc. (mg/L) |
pH |
|
0 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
7.8 |
7.7 |
10 |
7.3 |
7.7 |
18 |
7.1 |
7.7 |
32 |
7.0 |
7.6 |
56 |
6.7 |
7.5 |
100 |
5.4 |
6.3 |
180 |
4.4 |
4.3* |
320 |
4.0 |
3.9* |
* Measurement at 24 h, as all test organisms were dead at this point
Table 4: Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations at 0 h and 48 h
Nominal conc. (mg/L) |
DO (mg/L) |
|
0 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
9.5 |
8.8 |
10 |
9.4 |
8.6 |
18 |
9.5 |
8.6 |
32 |
9.4 |
8.6 |
56 |
8.9 |
8.6 |
100 |
8.9 |
8.7 |
180 |
9.1 |
8.9* |
320 |
8.9 |
8.9* |
* Measurement at 24 h, as all test organisms were dead at this point
Table 5: Temperature values at 0 h and 48 h
Nominal conc. (mg/L) |
Temperature (°C) |
|
0 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
20.1 |
19.7 |
10 |
20.3 |
20.7 |
18 |
20.2 |
20.6 |
32 |
20.2 |
20.8 |
56 |
20.3 |
20.9 |
100 |
20.2 |
20.8 |
180 |
20.3 |
19.6* |
320 |
20.3 |
19.7* |
* Measurement at 24 h, as all test organisms were dead at this point
Description of key information
In a GLP-conform OECD 202 acute immobilisation test on Daphnia magna, effects on mobility of D. magna were observed at or above 100 mg/L. These effects are associated with an acidification of the test medium and are not considered to be related to the intrinsic toxicity of m-toluic acid. However, conservatively a 48-h EC50 of 75 mg/L m-toluic acid is derived.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 75 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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