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EC number: 212-084-8 | CAS number: 760-93-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- According to OECD-guideline no. 202, part II five concentrations (14, 30, 53, 110 and 230 mg/l; measured) were tested. Due to the steep dose/response curve in both acute and chronic daphnia toxicity study, the missing result of the 30 mg/l concentration group is without relevance because this concentration was less than the established NOEC (53 mg/l).
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
Methacrylic acid is the hydrolysis product of Methacrylic anhydride. One molecule of methacrylic anhydride willl hydrolyse into two molelules methacrylic acid.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
Source substance: Methacrylic acid, purity >= 98 %
Target substance: Methacrylic anhydride: purity: >=94 %, other components: Methacrylic acid and adducts of methacrylic aanhydride and adducts of methacrylic acid and methacrylic anhydride.
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
Like other acid anhydrides, methacrylic anhydride was found to be hydrolytically unstable in water at pH 4, 7 and 9. The half lives (DT50) were found to be 56.4 min at pH 4 (25 °C), 25.5 min at pH 7 (25 °C) respectively 10.3 min at 37 °C and 2.29 min at pH 9. The initial hydrolysis product is methacrylic acid (Noack 2012).
4. Data Matrix
Target: Methacrylic anhydride CAS 760-93-0
Source: Methacrylic acid CAS 79-41-4 - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Both replicates of each treatment level and control were analyzed for MAA concentration twice prior to the start of the definitive exposure. Each
replicate solution was sampled and analyzed for MAA concentration on day 0 and weekly thereafter (day 7, 14 and 21) - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Nominal concentrations were maintained by introducing approximately 6.0 aquarium volumes per day of newly prepared test solution via an intermittent proportional flow through dilution apparatus.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Organisms were obtained from laboratory cultures maintained at Springborn. Culture water was prepared by fortifying well water and filtering. Two weeks prior to study intiation the water had total hardness and total alkalinity ranges of as CaCO3 of 160-180 and 110-120 mg/L, respectively, a pH range of 7.4 to 8.5, a specific conductance range of 500-600 umhos/cm and a dissolved oxygen concentration >60%. Light intensity ranged from 70-90 footcandles. The culture solution temperature was maintained at 20 +/-2C. Daphnia were fed once daily.
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 160-180 mg CaCO3/L.
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 21°C
- pH:
- 5.6 - 8.1 (at 14 - 110 mg/l)
4.2 - 5.7 (at 230 mg/l) - Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.6 - 9.2 mg/l
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal 13, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg a.i./L.
Based on results of weekly analysis, mean measured concentrations of MAA averaged 110% of nominal concentrations and defined the exposure
concentrations as 14, 30, 53, 110 and 230 mg a.i./L. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Set of 12 exposure vessels. The test system was designed to provide five concentrations of the test material and a dilution water control
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass test vessel (1.6-L battery jar) maintained a constant solution volume of 1.4 L and a solution depth of approximately 15 cm
- Aeration: no aeration
- Type of flow-through: intermittend flow through diluter apparatus
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily renewal
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20 daphnids per replicate vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable
- Biomass loading rate: Biomass will not exceed 0.1 grams for each 11ter per day of test solution flow
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- pH: 7.9 to 8.3
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
- Alkalinity: Total alkalinity as CaC03: 110 to 120 mg/L
- Ca/mg ratio: Total hardness as CaC03: 160 to 180 mg/L
- Conductivity: 500 to 600 μmhos/cm
Culture and test dilution water were prepared in 1900-liter batches by fortifying well water according to the formula for hard water (U.S. EPA, 1975) and filtering it through an Amberlite
XAD-7 resin column to removed any potential organism contaminants. Generally, several batches of water were prepared each week. The frequency at which the dilution water was
prepared depended on the requirements of the laboratory. Fortified water was discarded if not used within 14 days of preparation.
Representative samples of the dilution water source were analyzed periodically for the presence of pesticides, PCBs and toxic metals (Appendix IV). None of these compounds have been
detected at concentrations that are considered toxic in any of the water samples analyzed, in agreement with ASTM (1989) standard practice.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness
- Light intensity: 70 to 90 footcandles - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 53 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 70 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- immobilisation
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI of 53-110 mg/L
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 110 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 53 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- Exposure solutions were clear, colorless and contained no visible signs of undissolved material throughout the test. Total alkinlinity and pH of the solutions decreased with increasing concentration of MAA.
Following 21 days of exposure survival of control Daphnids was 95%. No organism survived the 21 day exposure to the two highest dose levels (110 and 230 mg a.i./L). Survival of 85 and 90% was observed among the organisms exposed to 14 and 53 mg a.i./L, respectively, and was not significantly different from controls.
At test termination ( day 21 ), reproduction among organisms exposed to the 14 and 53 mg A.I.IL treatment levels was 70 and 50 offspring per female, respectively, and was not
significantly different as compared to the performance of control organisms (56 offspring per female). Since organism survival was significantly affected by exposure to 110 and 230 mg
A.I.IL methacrylic acid, reproduction data for these two exposure concentrations were not statistically analyzed to establish treatment effects on reproduction. Time to first brood release
by organisms exposed to 14 and 53 mg A.I.IL methacrylic acid was day 7, which was similar to the time to first brood release by the control population. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Methacrylic anhydride rapidly hydrolysis to methacrylic acid in aqueous media. Therefore assessment of aquatic toxicity to Methacrylic anhydride based on studies with methacrylic acid is recommended.
In a valid guideline study the LOEC was 110 mg a.i./L; the NOEC was 53 mg a.i./L - Executive summary:
Methacrylic anhydride rapidly hydrolysis to methacrylic acid in aqueous media. Therefore assessment of aquatic toxicity to Methacrylic anhydride based on studies with methacrylic acid is recommended.
Methacrylic acid was tested in a Daphnia magna reproduction toxicity test for 21 days under flow through conditions at mean measured test concentrations of 14, 30, 53, 110 and 230 mg a.i./L. At test termination ( day 21 ), reproduction among organisms exposed to the 14 and 53 mg A.I.IL treatment levels was 70 and 50 offspring per female, respectively, and was not significantly different as compared to the performance of control organisms (56 offspring per
female). Since organism survival was significantly affected by exposure to 110 and 230 mg A.I.IL methacrylic acid, reproduction data for these two exposure concentrations were not
statistically analyzed to establish treatment effects on reproduction. Time to first brood release by organisms exposed to 14 and 53 mg A.I.IL methacrylic acid was day 7, which was similar to the time to first brood release by the control population.
Result: NOEC Daphnia magna reproduction (21 d): 53 mg/l
Reference
Cumulative number of offspring produced per female
daphnid(Daphnia magna)during the 21-day chronic
exposure to methacrylic acid.
|
|
Mean Cumulative Number of Offspring/Female |
|||||||
Mean Measured Concentration (mg A.I.IL) |
Day: |
7 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
14 |
16 |
18 |
21 |
Control |
|
0 |
3 |
4 |
12 |
23 |
30 |
39 |
56 |
14 |
|
1 |
4 |
6 |
21 |
36 |
40 |
51 |
70 |
30 (a) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
53 |
|
0 |
2 |
4 |
13 |
21 |
31 |
39 |
50 |
110 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 (b) |
230 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 (b) |
(a) Due to the diluter system malfunction which resulted in the direct addition of test material to this test concentration, the biological-response data for this treatment level was not used in the statistical analysis to evaluate the toxicity of methacrylic acid to D. magna.
(b) Significantly different (p ~ 0.005) from the control organisms.
At test termination ( day 21 ), reproduction among organisms exposed to the 14 and 53 mg A.I.IL treatment levels was 70 and 50 offspring per female, respectively, and was not
significantly different as compared to the performance of control organisms (56 offspring per female). Since organism survival was significantly affected by exposure to 110 and 230 mg
A.I.IL methacrylic acid, reproduction data for these two exposure concentrations were not statistically analyzed to establish treatment effects on reproduction. Time to first brood release
by organisms exposed to 14 and 53 mg A.I.IL methacrylic acid was day 7, which was similar to the time to first brood release by the control population
Description of key information
NOEC (21d) daphnia magna OECD 211. Read across from methacrylic anhydride.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 58 mg/L
Additional information
Methacrylic anhydride is hydrolytically unstable in water. The initial hydrolysis product is methacrylic acid.
In an OECD 211 fresh water Daphnia magna reproduction test with methacrylic acid the NOEC (21d)
was >= 53 mg/l.
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