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EC number: 217-682-2 | CAS number: 1929-82-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 12 November 1985 to 13 February 1986
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted to sound scientific principles with a sufficient level of detail to assess the quality of the submitted data.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 986
- Report date:
- 1986
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- The report states that it was conducted with the intent of GLP
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nitrapyrin
- EC Number:
- 217-682-2
- EC Name:
- Nitrapyrin
- Cas Number:
- 1929-82-4
- Molecular formula:
- C6H3Cl4N
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
- Test material form:
- other: solid (unspecified)
- Details on test material:
- - Appearance: white solid
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 2.8 - 2.9 kg
- Housing: singly housed in wire-bottom cages
- Diet: 4 ounces of diet per day
- Water: tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least 2 weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 °C
- Humidity (%): 50 %
- Air changes (per hr): approximately 10 air changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours of darkness / 12 hours of light
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 g - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Test material was instilled into the conjunctival sac of the right eye of each rabbit. The left eye of all rabbits was left untreated and served as a control. The eyes of rabbits remained unwashed.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 21 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 4 females and 2 males
- Details on study design:
- Within 24 hours prior to application of the test material, the eyes of rabbits were examined using 5 % fluorescein stain and established as being without defects and/or irritation.
SCORING SYSTEM
The Draize scale (see Table 1)
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: Both eyes of all rabbits on test were examined using a penlight at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-instillation and again at 7, 14 and 21 days for conjunctival redness, chemosis, discharge, corneal opacity and reddening of the iris.
OTHER OBSERVATIONS
The behaviour of each rabbit was observed for indications of pain or discomfort.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 h
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 d
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 h
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 d
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 d
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 d
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 d
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.67
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 d
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 d
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 h
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 d
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- The control (left) eyes of all rabbits were free of defects for the duration of the study. Upon instillation of the test material rabbits appeared to experience moderate discomfort. Examination of the treated eyes revealed marked conjunctival redness, moderate chemosis, marked discharge, reddening of the iris, and in 2 of 6 rabbits opacity (scattered or slight) of the cornea. Corneal effects were resolved 14 days post-exposure. All remaining conjunctival irritation (redness) was resolved 21 days post-exposure.
- Other effects:
- None reported.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 2: Individual Eye Irritation Scores
Observation time |
Animal no. |
Conjunctivae |
Corneal opacity |
Reddening of iris |
||
Redness |
Chemosis |
Discharge |
||||
1 hour |
85B0370 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
85B0371 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0372 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0373 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0374 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0375 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
|
24 hours |
85B0370 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
85B0371 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0372 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0373 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
85B0374 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0375 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
48 hours |
85B0370 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
85B0371 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0372 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0373 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
85B0374 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0375 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
72 hours |
85B0370 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
85B0371 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0372 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
85B0373 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
|
85B0374 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0375 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
7 days |
85B0370 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
85B0371 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
85B0372 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
85B0373 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
85B0374 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
85B0375 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
14 days |
85B0370 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
85B0371 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
85B0372 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
85B0373 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
85B0374 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
85B0375 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
21 days |
85B0370 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
85B0371 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
85B0372 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
85B0373 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
85B0374 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
85B0375 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Table 3: Mean Scores (per animal) Following Grading at 24, 48 and 72 hours After Installation of the Test Material
Animal no |
Conjunctivae |
Corneal opacity |
Reddening of iris |
|
Redness |
Chemosis |
|||
85B0370 |
2.67 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
85B0371 |
2.33 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
85B0372 |
3.00 |
2.00 |
0.33 |
1.00 |
85B0373 |
2.67 |
2.67 |
1.67 |
1.00 |
85B0374 |
2.33 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
85B0375 |
2.67 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study, the test material was found to be irritating to the eyes of New Zealand White rabbits.
- Executive summary:
The eye irritation potential of the test material was investigated in a study which was conducted under the intent of GLP and following a method similar to that which is outlined in the standardised guideline OECD 405.
During the study 0.1 g of test material was instilled once into the right eye of six New Zealand White rabbits. The eyes were not washed. The left eye remained untreated and served as a control. Both eyes of all rabbits on test were examined using a penlight at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-instillation and again at 7, 14 and 21 days for conjunctival redness, chemosis, discharge, corneal opacity and reddening of the iris.
Following application, rabbits appeared to experience moderate discomfort. Examination of the eyes revealed marked conjunctival redness, moderate chemosis, marked discharge, reddening of the iris and in 2 rabbits, scattered/slight opacity of the cornea. All signs of irritation were resolved 21 days post-exposure.
Therefore, under the conditions of the study, the test material was found to be irritating to the eyes of New Zealand White rabbits.
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