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EC number: 248-289-4 | CAS number: 27176-87-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- fish life cycle toxicity
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: QSAR
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- ECOSAR Program (v1.00)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable to QSAR models
- Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Fish species
- Details on test organisms:
- no further information
- Test type:
- other: QSAR model
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 30 d
- Hardness:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Test temperature:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- pH:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Salinity:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Details on test conditions:
- 100% Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-(CAS No. 27176-87-0)
SMILES : : O=S(=O)(c1ccc(cc1)CCCCCCCCCCCC)O
CHEM : Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-
MOL FOR:C18 H30 O3 S1
MOL WT :326.50
Log Kow:4.78 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol:100 mg/L (measured) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.121 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: cited as a ChV value
- Details on results:
- Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish of 1.121 mg/l was established.
Fish 30-day ChV =1.121 mg/L (ppm)
Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 6.443 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 14-day LC50 = 9.442 mg /L (ppm) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Conclusions:
- Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish of 1.121 mg/l was established.
Fish 30-day ChV =1.121 mg/L (ppm)
Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 6.443 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 14-day LC50 = 9.442 mg /L (ppm) - Executive summary:
Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish of 1.121 mg/l was established.
- Endpoint:
- fish, juvenile growth test
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 204 (Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-day Study)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effect of LAS on the structure and function of microbial communities was studied in a flow-through model ecosystem containing several trophic levels. Duplicate 19-L glass aquaria containing model ecosystems at four nominal concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg/L) contained water and 2.5 cm lake sediment (Winton Lake, Cincinnati, OH) and several trophic levels (bacteria, algae, macrophytes [Elodea canadensis,Lemna minor], macroinvertebrates [Daphnia magna, Paratanytarsus parthenogenica], and fish [Lepomis macrochirus]). Flow rate in the proportional diluter delivered approximately 8 replacement volumes per day. Additionally, at each cycle of the diluter, 1.5 mL of a Daphnia food suspension diluted with a culture of Selenastrum was added to each chamber. Following an initial 3 day acclimation period to analytically confirm test concentrations, 4 glass periphyton slides (5 x 5 cm), 8 vegetative shoots of Elodea, 10 early instar Daphnia, 25 midge eggs and 5 pre-weighed juvenile bluegills (2.5-5.0 cm length) were added to each aquarium. Fish were screened from access to the macroinvertebrates by a 60 mesh stainless steel screen and were fed a daily supplement of frozen brine shrimp. Test duration was 28 days. Effects monitored included population and community effects. Nominal concentrations were confirmed with MBAS analysis.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION: Preparation of test solutions is not reported. The test concentrations were delivered to the duplicate test vessels by a modified Mount and Brungs 1L proportional diluter.
- Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- Lepomis macrochirus (Fish, fresh water)
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Bluegill fish
- Strain: Not reported
- Source: Not reported
- Length at study initiation: 2.5-5.0 cm
- Age at study initiation: Juvenile
- Weight at study initiation: Not reported
- Method of breeding: Not applicable
FEEDING DURING TEST
- Food type: Frozen brine shrimp
- Amount: Fed at approx. 2% of total body weight/day
- Frequency: Daily - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Hardness:
- 120 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21 ± 2 °C
- pH:
- 8.1 ± 0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Mean Dissolved Oxygen Concentration (DOC): 7.8 mg/L (ranged, 7.0-9.0)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations were: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L. MBAS and radiometric counts confirmed the expected nominal concentrations. Two figures in the study report show the confirmation of nominal test concentrations, but details not provided.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Aquaria
- Type: Open
- Material: 19 L glass
- Aeration: No (test was flow-through)
- Type of flow-through: Proportional diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution: 8 replacement volumes/d
- No. of organisms per vessel: Five
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Two
- No. of vessels per negative control (replicates): Two
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): Not applicable
- Biomass loading rate: Not reported. There were ¿5 pre-weighed juvenile bluegills per each aquarium,¿ according to the study report. Loading rate was therefore 1 juvenile bluegill/4 L test solution.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The dilution water was carbon and reverse-osmosis filtered well water of 120 mg/L CaCO3 hardness.
- Total organic carbon: Not reported
- Particulate matter: Not reported
- Metals (mg/L): Zinc: <0.001; Lead: <0.01; Iron: <0.05; Copper: <0.001,
- Nitrate (mg/L): <0.05
- Pesticides: Not reported
- Chlorine: Not reported
- Alkalinity: Not reported
- Ca/mg ratio: Not reported
- Conductivity: Not reported
- Salinity: Not applicable
- Culture medium different from test medium: Not reported
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Twice weekly
- Other:
- Temperature was monitored continuously with a recording thermograph
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not reported
- Photoperiod: Not reported
- Light intensity: Not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: (1) The growth of juvenile bluegills was determined from 10 individuals at each treatment concentration measured and weighed (wet weight) before and after the exposure. (2) Amount of 14C-LAS taken up by the fish was measured by combustion analysis.
NEGATIVE CONTROL PERFORMED: Yes (received only filtered well water)
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Only on Day 28, as sampling of test species were not carried out during exposure period, to avoid disturbance of the developing fishes. On Day 28, all 10 fish per test concentration were recovered.
- Sampling method: For the amount of 14C-LAS taken up by the fish, triplicate samples of the test species were taken at 28 d sampling period, rinsed, dried at 30°C for 24 h, and weighed in tared plancets prior to combustion analyses for radiometric counting of 14C-LAS content
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: For growth rate, fish were weighed immediately after conclusion of test. For 14C-LAS analysis, samples were dried at 30°C for 24 h before analysis
RANGE-FINDING STUDY: No - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Nominal concentration confirmed by analytical measurement
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Fish weights (individual and mean values) on day 0, 14 (if measured) and 28: Not reported
- Tank-average or pseudo-specific growth rates for periods 0-28 or 0-14 and 0-28 (if possible): Not reported
- Type of and number with morphological abnormalities: Not reported
- Type of and number with behavioural abnormalities: Not reported
- Other biological observations: Fish growth was reduced at both 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L test concentrations with no effect at 1.0 mg/L. At the end of the exposure period, test species had a biomass of 44 and 10.5 g/m2 at test concentration of 1 and 2 mg/L respectively. Control fish production was 42.5 g/m2
- Bioconcentration Data: The BCF value was found to be 252 based on a wet weight basis
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No
- Incidents in the course of the test which might have influenced the results: Not reported - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Positive control was not included in the study
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 28 d NOEC of C12 LAS to juvenile Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) was 1 mg/L, based on growth rate in a flow-through model ecosystem study. Analytical measurements confirmed the nominal test concentrations.
- Executive summary:
A long term toxicity test to fish (juvenile Lepomis macrochirus) was conducted on C12LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate),following the OECD 204 guideline. The growth of juvenile bluegills was determined after 28 days in a flow-through model ecosystem study. The nominal test concentrations were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L, confirmed by analytical measurements.
The growth of juvenile bluegills (wet weight after 28 d exposure) was not affected at 0.5 and 1.0 mg LAS/L, but was reduced at 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L. At the end of the exposure period, fish at 1.0 mg/L LAS had a biomass of 44 gm/m2 compared to 10.5 gm/m2 for the 2.0 mg/L concentration, and 42.5 gm/m2 for the controls.
The No observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 1.0 mg/L, based on growth rate.
This Chronic toxicity test is classified as acceptable, and satisfies the guideline requirements for the OECD 204.
- Endpoint:
- fish, juvenile growth test
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: APHA 1975
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Tests generally followed the standard methods of APHA 1975, with the following specifics. Tests were conducted in outdoor earthen vats (62 cm diameter, 30 cm mean depth) containing 60-L of borehole water and 5 kg of uncontaminated soil. Borehole water is unchlorinated water with the following parameters: pH 7.1 ± 0.1, dissolved oxygen 10 mg/L, hardness 290 mg/L as CaCO3, and temperature 27.9 ± 0.14 °C. Fifteen fish purchased from local farms (35 mm, 0.786 g) and acclimated to the test conditions for 168 hours were added per vat. Test concentrations were 0.25, 0.38, 0.51, and 1.10 mg/L. Fish were exposed six times at 15 day intervals with the water renewals and were fed daily with a 1:1 mixture of rice bran and mustard oil cake. Standard acute toxicity tests were also conducted in the laboratory. Statistical analysis was done using F and t tests and the significance of any change was measured at a 5% level of probability.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Tilapia mossambica
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: local farms
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.786 g
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 35 mm
- Feeding during test
- Food type: 1:1 mixture of rice bran and mustard cake
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 168 hrs - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 90 d
- Hardness:
- hardness 290 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- temperature 27.9 ± 0.14 °C
- pH:
- pH 7.1 ± 0.1,
- Dissolved oxygen:
- dissolved oxygen 10 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Test concentrations were 0.0, 0.25, 0.38, 0.51, and 1.10 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Tests were conducted in outdoor earthen vats (62 cm diameter, 30 cm mean depth)
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 15 days
- No. of organisms per vessel: 15
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 60-L of borehole water and 5 kg of uncontaminated soil
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Borehole water is unchlorinated water
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : feeding, growth rate, fecundity, and yield. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 90 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Feeding, growth rate, fecundity, yield
- Duration:
- 90 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.51 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Feeding, growth rate, fecundity, yield
- Details on results:
- The feeding rates decreased significantly at 0.25, 0.38 and 1.10 mg/L. Fish showed erratic behaviour, irregular opercular movement, and at higher concentrations, blood exuded from the base of the pectoral and pelvic fins and head. No apparent difference in condition factor (K) was observed at any concentration. The maturity index (MI) of both male and female fish appeared to decrease at all concentrations, but the biological significance of this is questionable because historic control values for this parameter were not provided and the magnitude of the response did not increase with dose. Fecundity decreased at 0.51 mg/L but not at 1.10 mg/L. The gastrosomatic index (GSI) was significantly different at 0.51 and 1.10 mg/L. Based on the most reliable endpoints (GSI and fecundity), the NOEC would be 0.38 mg/L and the LOEC would be 0.51 mg/L. However, the study is incompletely documented, so details of the test substance composition and testing procedure are uncertain. True replicates were not used so statistics can not be validly conducted, though they are reported by the authors. In view of these limitations, and previous evaluations of the study which have reported a NOEC of 0.25 mg/L (van de Plassche et al., 1999), a conservative (protective) NOEC for this study is 0.25 mg/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 90-day NOEC for fish was 0.25 mg/L. The 90-day LOEC for fish was 0.51 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The long-term toxicity of the test substance to fish was determined. Groups of 15 fish were exposed to concentrations of 0.0, 0.25, 0.38, 0.51, and 1.10 mg/L for 90 days. Test solutions were renewed every 15 days. The 90 -day NOEC was 0.25 mg/L, and the LOEC was 0.51 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- fish, juvenile growth test
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Dutch Standard Organization NEN 6505
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Fish were 3-4 weeks old at test initiation. Fifty fish were used per group. Temperature was maintained at 23 ± 2°C. The test volume (10-L per chamber) was renewed three times per week. Circadian lighting (16:8 light:dark) was used. Fish were fed a Tetramin/Tetraphyll mixture. Dissolved oxygen, water hardness and pH were measured during the study.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Poecilia reticulata
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 3 to 4 weeks
- Food type: TetraMin, TetraPhyll - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Hardness:
- measured
- Test temperature:
- 23 ± 2 °C
- pH:
- measured
- Dissolved oxygen:
- measured
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not reported
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 10-L per chamber
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): renewed three times per week
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Fifty fish were used per group
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: circadic
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): mortality and immobility - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Mortality, behavior, and growth
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Mortality, behavior, and growth
- Details on results:
- The only effect (98% mortality at 10 mg/L) occurred within 2 days of study initiation.
The NOEC normalized by van de Plassche et al. (1999) to C11.6LAS was 3.2 mg/L. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 28-day NOEC for fish was 3.2 mg/L (nominal). The 28-day LOEC was 10 mg/L (nominal).
- Executive summary:
Groups of 50 Poecilia reticulata were exposed to various concentrations of the test substance for 28 days. Test solution was renewed three per week. The 28-day NOEC for fish was 3.2 mg/L (nominal). The 28-day LOEC was 10 mg/L (nominal).
- Endpoint:
- fish life cycle toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Fish, mollusks, and crustaceans were caged in the tail pool of streams during a C(12)LAS (dodecyl benzene sulfonate) model ecosystem experimental program. Bioconcentration of total C(12)LAS and individual isomers and acute and chronic toxicity were investigated during this study. Toxicity endpoints were based on water and tissue (i.e., body burden) concentrations at which adverse effects were observed.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, length 29.2 mm (3.0), weight 0.19 g (0.053))
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 32 d
- Hardness:
- 140 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 18 degree C
- pH:
- 7.8–8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.126, 0.293, 0.927 mg/L (measured)
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.597-1.29
- Details on results:
- During the 32-day chronic exposures, the EC(20) values were 0.95 (0.597-1.29), and approximately 1.0 mg/L for fathead minnow (survival), respectively.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- During the 32-day chronic exposures, the EC(20) values were 0.95 (0.597-1.29), and approximately 1.0 mg/L for fathead minnow (survival), respectively.
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- During the first four months a serial-dilution unit was used to maintain the LAS at the desired concentration in System I and a proportional dilution unit was used in System II, both to provide continuous exposures to fathead minnows. During the latter part of the test, the flows from a new proportional dilution unit were divided to supply both exposure systems and a fry exposure system.
Either a serial or proportional dilution unit was used to provide continuous exposures to fathead minnows. Each of the four test concentrations plus control received 12 randomly assigned fish obtained from ponds at the Newtown Fish Farm, Ohio Division of Wildlife. Pieces of half-tile were placed in each 10-gal aquarium for spawning sites. After spawning had been completed, the cluster of eggs was removed and counted. Four replicates of 100 eggs from each concentration were reared for 14 days and mortality of eggs and fry recorded daily. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- Fish were obtained from the ponds at the Newtown Fish Farm, Ohio Division of Wildlife. The small young-of-the-year fish were collected in late September and held in cold water. During the last week of December, 25 fish were placed randomly into each exposure chamber where they were maintained in a continuous flow of dilution water similar to that used during the test. The four largest and eight smallest fish from each aquarium were selected in order to reduce the number of fish and to try to get a more equal distribution of sexes. The exposure to LAS was started during the last week of February.
- Test type:
- other: other, open-system
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 196 d
- Hardness:
- water hardness ranged from 194-214 mg/L CaCO3
- pH:
- pH ranged from 7.50-7.95
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Mean dissolved oxygen 5.84-6.42 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Test concentrations were 0.34, 0.63, 1.2 and 2.7 mg/L.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 196 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.63 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Basis for effect:
- other: fry survival
- Duration:
- 196 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Basis for effect:
- other: fry survival
- Details on results:
- Hatchability and growth were not significantly affected. This study was on C12-LAS and when normalized to C11.6, the value is 0.90 mg/L (van de Plassche et al., 1999).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 196 day NOEC level was 0.63 mg/L. The LOEC was 1.2 mg/L.
. - Executive summary:
Fathead minnows were exposed to LAS in continuous flow systems for a total of 196 days. Results indicate that lethality of LAS to newly hatched fry was the most critical factor found
- Endpoint:
- fish life cycle toxicity
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Chronic toxicity values were developed for Daphnia magna with six surfactants and a detergent builder, each selected on the basis of previously existing chronic fish test data.
Predictive correlations were examined for testing end points between 21-d Daphnia chronics and 1-yr fish chronics to provide a short-term alternative chronic test species while developing toxicity data for an intermediate trophic level species. For the detergent materials tested, a strong correlation (r0.98) exists between = Daphnia and fish no-effect concentrations. A replacement term, NOEC (No observed effect concentration), is suggested to clarify interpretive ambiguities associated with the definition of the MATC (maximum acceptable toxicant concentration) value. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- Pimephales promelas (Fish, fresh water)
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Hardness:
- 200 mg/L CaCO3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 200 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- -Mean measured conc. (mg/L) : control, 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.53, 1.09
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- number of eggs/spawn
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOEC (C11.8) = 0.9 mg/L
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.15 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- number of eggs/spawn
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOEC (C13) = 0.15 mg/L
- Details on results:
- The NOEC value of C11.8LAS is 0.9 mg/L. Although no effects were observed for C11.8LAS at the highest test concentration of 1.09 mg/L under hard water conditions of 200 mg/L CaCO3, larval survival was impaired in a similar test at 0.74 mg/L C11.8LAS when tested in soft water of 39.0 mg/L CaCO3.Results of these two tests then yeild an NOEC of 0.9 mg/L C11.8LAS when interpolated to the 120 mg/L hardness level at which the Daphnia tests were completed.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study NOEC (C11.8) was 0.9 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- fish life cycle toxicity
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: QSAR
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- ECOSAR Program (v1.00)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable to QSAR models
- Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Fish species
- Details on test organisms:
- no further information
- Test type:
- other: QSAR model
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 30 d
- Hardness:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Test temperature:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- pH:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Salinity:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Details on test conditions:
- 100% Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-(CAS No. 27176-87-0)
SMILES : : O=S(=O)(c1ccc(cc1)CCCCCCCCCCCC)O
CHEM : Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-
MOL FOR:C18 H30 O3 S1
MOL WT :326.50
Log Kow:4.78 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol:100 mg/L (measured) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.443 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: cited as a ChV value
- Details on results:
- Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for marine water fish of 6.443 mg/l was established.
Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 6.443 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 30-day ChV =1.121 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 14-day LC50 = 9.442 mg /L (ppm) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Conclusions:
- Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for marine water fish of 6.443 mg/l was established.
Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 6.443 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 30-day ChV =1.121 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 14-day LC50 = 9.442 mg /L (ppm) - Executive summary:
Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for marine water fish of 6.443 mg/l was established.
Referenceopen allclose all
Overview of QSARs estimations on long-term aquatic toxicity of
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid/ Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl- to fish
Method
|
Results |
Remarks |
Reference |
QSAR estimate |
Fish 30-day ChV =1.121 mg/L (ppm) Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 6.443 mg/L (ppm) Fish 14-day LC50 = 9.442 mg /L (ppm)
|
Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data |
ECOSAR Program (v1.00) |
Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish of 1.121 mg/l was established.
Fish 30-day ChV =1.121 mg/L (ppm)
Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 6.443 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 14-day LC50 = 9.442 mg /L (ppm)
The feeding rates decreased significantly at 0.25, 0.38 and 1.10 mg/L. Fishshowed erratic behaviour, irregular opercular movement, and at higherconcentrations, blood exuded from the base of the pectoral and pelvic finsand head. No apparent difference in condition factor (K) was observed at anyconcentration. The maturity index (MI) of both male and female fish
appeared to decrease at all concentrations, but the biological significance ofthis is questionable because historic control values for this parameter werenot provided and the magnitude of the response did not increase with dose.
Fecundity decreased at 0.51 mg/L but not at 1.10 mg/L. The gastrosomaticindex (GSI) was significantly different at 0.51 and 1.10 mg/L. Based on themost reliable endpoints (GSI and fecundity), the NOEC would be 0.38 mg/Land the LOEC would be 0.51 mg/L. However, the study is incompletelydocumented, so details of the test substance composition and testingprocedure are uncertain. True replicates were not used so statistics can not bevalidly conducted, though they are reported by the authors. In view of theselimitations, and previous evaluations of the study which have reported a NOEC of 0.25 mg/L (van de Plassche et al., 1999), a conservative(protective) NOEC for this study is 0.25 mg/L.
Table. Chromic toxicity for C11.8 LAS of Fathead Minnow
Material |
Mean measured concn(mg/L) |
Number of females |
Number of spawnings |
Total eggs produced |
Number of eggs per female |
C11.8LAS |
1.09 0.53 0.25 0.12 0.06 Controls |
19 8 14 15 12 19 |
37 37 60 27 33 19 |
3616 3131 7531 2020 2169 2401 |
190 391 538 135 181 126 |
Overview of QSARs estimations on long-term aquatic toxicity of
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid/ Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl- to fish
Method
|
Results |
Remarks |
Reference |
QSAR estimate |
Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 6.443 mg/L (ppm) Fish 30-day ChV =1.121 mg/L (ppm) Fish 14-day LC50 = 9.442 mg /L (ppm)
|
Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data |
ECOSAR Program (v1.00) |
Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for marine water fish of 6.443 mg/l was established.
Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 6.443 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 30-day ChV =1.121 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 14-day LC50 = 9.442 mg /L (ppm)
Description of key information
During the 32-day chronic exposures, the EC(20) values were 0.95 (0.597-1.29), and approximately 1.0 mg/L for fathead minnow (survival), respectively for Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.
The 28 d NOEC of C12 LAS to juvenile Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) was 1 mg/L, based on growth rate in a flow-through model ecosystem study.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that NOEC, cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish would to be 1.121 mg/l therefore the substance is moderate toxic to fishes.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that NOEC, cited as a ChV (chronic value) for marine water fish (SW) would to be 6.443 mg/l therefore the substance is moderate toxic to fishes.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 1.21 mg/L
Marine water fish
Marine water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 6.443 mg/L
Additional information
During the 32-day chronic exposures, the EC(20) values were 0.95 (0.597-1.29), and approximately 1.0 mg/L for fathead minnow (survival), respectively for Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.
The 28 d NOEC of C12 LAS to juvenile Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) was 1 mg/L, based on growth rate in a flow-through model ecosystem study.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that NOEC, cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish would to be 1.121 mg/l therefore the substance is moderate toxic to fishes.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that NOEC, cited as a ChV (chronic value) for marine water fish (SW) would to be 6.443 mg/l therefore the substance is moderate toxic to fishes.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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