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EC number: 930-930-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: sediment simulation testing
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Justification for type of information:
- JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING
The biodegradation is relevant to organic substances regardless of the environmental compartment in which this property is investigated. This endpoint is specifically needed for organic substances and less relevant for inorganic substances.
In aqueous solution, the calcium peroxide decomposes into hydrogen peroxide and calcium hydroxide. The hydrogen peroxide will subsequently further decompose into water and oxygen. Furthermore, the calcium hydroxide dissociates when brought into aqueous medium. The different chemical reactions are:
CaO2 + 2 H2O -> Ca2 + + 2 (OH)- + H2O2
H2O2 + H2O -> 2 H2O + O2
Ca(OH)2 -> Ca2 + + 2 OH-
Hydrogen peroxide has a short half-life in natural waters due to the activity of micro-organisms. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide is continuously formed in the environment and is ubiquitous in fresh- and seawater at natural background concentrations from some micrograms to some tens of microgram per litre. On the other hand, in aqueous medium, calcium (di)hydroxide will be completely dissociated into its ions as the water solubility is relatively high compared to the environmental background concentration of calcium and due to dilution effects. Depending on the properties of the test medium, calcium (di)hydroxide will be strongly neutralised in the initial period after application, by formation of calcium carbonate which will dissociate into calcium and carbonate ions. These ions are naturally ubiquitous in the environment; calcium will be assimilated by species present in the water and is necessary to maintain a good chemical balance in soils, water and plants and carbonate will become part of the carbon cycle. - Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- No.:
- #2
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: simulation testing on ultimate degradation in surface water
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study set-up and results are well documented and the study followed acceptable scientific principles.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Diel changes in the hydrogen peroxide concentration in a northern temperated, oligotrophic lake were studied. Water samples were filtered and dark loss of hydrogen peroxide was studied as a function of time.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- natural water
- Details on source and properties of surface water:
- Location: Jacks Lake, Ontario, Canada
Calcium concentration: 14 mg Ca2+ per L
pH: 7.2
Phosphorous: 0.012 mg/L
DOC: 6.0 +/- 0.5 mg of C per L - Details on source and properties of sediment:
- Not applicable
- Details on inoculum:
- A sample of lake water was taken and filtered through 64, 12, 5, 1 and 0.45 micrometre mesh sizes. The filtrates were used to study the dark decay of hydrogen peroxide.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 30 - 120 h
- Initial conc.:
- 0.007 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- test mat. analysis
- Details on study design:
- Lake water was sample with Erlenmeyer flasks submersed below the surface of the water (10 to 15 cm). Sampled water was filtered through 64, 12, 5, 1 and 0.45 micrometre mesh sizes. The filtrates were used to study the dark decay of hydrogen peroxide over several days or 3 to 4 half-lives.
- Test performance:
- The dark decay of hydrogen peroxide followed a first-order kinetics. The half-life increased considerably in filtrate of the 1 micrometre filter indicating that the picoplankton was primarily responsible for the biological component of hydrogen peroxide decay.
- Compartment:
- other: water, material (mass) balance
- % Recovery:
- 100
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 7.8 h
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Unfiltered lake water
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 8.6 h
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Filtrates that passed through 64, 12 and 5 micrometre filters
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 31 h
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Filtrate that passed through the 1 micrometre filter
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 24 h
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Filtrate that passed the 0.45 micrometre filter
- Transformation products:
- no
- Details on transformation products:
- Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen.
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- no
- Volatile metabolites:
- no
- Residues:
- no
- Details on results:
- No details
- Results with reference substance:
- Not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The half-life for dark decay of hydrogen peroxide in a natural lake water was approximately 8 hours.
- Executive summary:
The biodegradation of hydrogen peroxide was tested in samples taken from a northern temperate, oligotrophic lake (Cooper and Lean 1989). The lake water was filtered through 64, 12, 5, 1 and 0.45 micrometre filters. The filtrates were stored in the dark and the hydrogen peroxide concentration was measured in regular intervals. The initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide formed by photochemical processes was approximately 0.007 mg/L (200 nM). The hydrogen peroxide concentration was followed over several days or three to four half-lives. The dark decay of hydrogen peroxide followed first-order kinetics and the resulting half-lives were 7.8 hours for unfiltered lake water, 8.6 hours for filtrates that passed the 64, 12 and 5 micrometre filters, 31 hours for filtrates that passed the 1 micrometre filter and 24 hours for filtrates that passed the 0.45 micrometre filter. It was concluded that the picoplankton (0.2 to 2 micrometre) was primarily responsible for the biological component of hydrogen peroxide decay.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Surface water: The substance is composed of calcium hydroxide and calcium peroxide. Calcium hydroxyde dissociates in calcium ion and hydroxyl ions, so calcium hydroxide will not exist as such in water. Calcium peroxide hydrolyses into calcium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The biodegradation of hydrogen peroxide was assessed in lake water.
Surface water (H2O2): Key study. The biodegradation of hydrogen peroxide was tested in samples taken from a northern temperate, oligotrophic lake (Cooper and Lean 1989). The dark decay of hydrogen peroxide followed first-order kinetics and the resulting half-lives were 7.8 hours for unfiltered lake water, 8.6 hours for filtrates that passed the 64, 12 and 5 micrometre filters, 31 hours for filtrates that passed the 1 micrometre filter and 24 hours for filtrates that passed the 0.45 micrometre filter. It was concluded that the picoplankton (0.2 to 2 micrometre) was primarily responsible for the biological component of hydrogen peroxide decay.
Sediment. Data waiving (study scientifically not necessary): The reaction mass of calcium dihydroxide and calcium peroxide is an inorganic multi-constituent substance that will not persist in the environment. Abiotic processes such as hydrolysis and dissociation are responsible for the fate of this multi-constituent substance in the environment. The constituent calcium peroxide is hydrolyzed to calcium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The alkaline constituent calcium hydroxide will be neutralized in the environment, while hydrogen peroxide will be degraded by abiotic and biotic processes to oxygen and water.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
According to the EU risk assessment report for hydrogen peroxide (European Commission 2003) a number of simulation tests on biodegradation are available. Degradation in lake water (Jacks Lake, Ontario) during summer time was studied (Cooper and Lean 1989). The lake was characterised as oligotrophic with a pH value of 7.2, a Ca2+ concentration of 14 mg/L, a mean phosphorous content of 0.012 mg/L and a DOC of 6 mg/L. The initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the lake water was 0.003 mg/L. Dark decay of the substance followed first order kinetics and the following half-lives were observed: 7.8 hours for unfiltered water, 8.6 hours for filtered water (5 micrometre), 31 hours for filtered water (1 micrometre) and >24 hours for filtered water (0.45 micrometre). It appeared from the results that the fraction containing pico plankton contained also the major portion of the biological agent degrading hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide degradation was also measured in Lake Ontario (Cooper et al. 1989). The half-lives ranged from 14.7 to 21.6 hours. No degradation of hydrogen peroxide over a period of 7 hours was observed when water was filtered through 0.45 micrometre membranes. The dark decay time of hydrogen peroxide was also measured in sea water at room temperature (Johnson et al. 1989). The initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide was between 3 and 5 microgram/L. The degradation rate was 0.13 microgram/L/hour and hydrogen peroxide disappeared after 23 to 39 hours.
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