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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-897-9 | CAS number: 111-70-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 35.26 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 881.57 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC = 1000 x 1/0.38 x 6.7/10 x 0.5 = 793 mg/m3. A correction factor of 0.5 is applied according to the R8 guidance when there are no data on oral and inhalation absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not needed
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- OECD 408 ( Butterworth, 1978), 3 months exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- AF by default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- AF by default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no other factor is applied
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 10 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- As no information is available on dermal absorption, dermal absorption is considered to be equal to the oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Butterworth, 1978 is the key study with a 3 months exposure duration
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- An allometric scaling factor of 4 must be applied because the key study was performed on rats.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A factor of 2.5 is applied for remaining difference.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- A factor of 5 is applied for worker DNELs
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study is considered as a reliable study with a klimisch score of 1.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No other assessment factor is applied.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
WORKERS
1. Acute / short term exposure - systemic effects
Dermal route : Based on the available data, no acute dermal DNEL is deemed necessay because of the LD50>2000 mg/kg
Inhalation route : Due to the absence of mortality at the maximum saturated concentration, no DNEL is derived.
2. Acute / short term exposure - local effects
No information on local effects (dermal and inhalation routes) are available.
1/ Inhalation DNEL (long term, systemic effect)- WORKERS
The oral subchronic toxicity study (Butterworth, 1978) was considered as a key study for the derivation of the DNEL. In this study, the limit dose of 1000 mg/kg/day was used as the high dose-levels and was considered to be the NOAEL of this study.
Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor:
Oral NOAEL = 1000 mg/kg/day
Step 2: Modification of the starting point:
- Conversion into an inhalatory rat NOAEC by dividing by 0.38 m3/kg (8-hour respiratory volume in the rat)
-Correction for absorption difference between inhalation and oral absorption:
The oral absorption is estimated to 50%. According to ECHA Guidance – Chapter R8 (p25), the inhalation absorption is 100% : “if data on the starting route (oral) are available these should be used, but for the end route (inhalation), the worst case inhalation absorption should be assumed (i.e. factor 1)”. Therefore the correction factor is 0.5 (50/100 ).
- Correction for activity driven differences in respiratory volume in workers compared to individuals at rest (6.7 m3/10 m3)
NOAEC (worker, 8 h) = 1000 x 1/0.38 x 6.7/10 x 0.5 = 881.57 mg/m3
Step 3: Assessment factors:
- Interspecies differences: no allometric scaling factor is applied because an oral-to-inhalation route extrapolation is performed. However, a factor of 2.5 to correct for differences other than differences in metabolic rate is applied.
- Intraspecies differences: the default assessment factor of 5 is applied.
- Differences in exposure duration: 2
- Dose-response relationship: a factor of 1 is applied due to the use of a NOAEL as dose descriptor and the low toxicity of the test substance.
- Quality of whole database: 1
Global assessment factor: 2.5 x 5 x 2 x 1 x 1 = 25
Step 4: DNEL derivation:
Worker inhalation DNEL (long term, systemic effects) = 881.57 / 25= 35.26 mg/m3
2/ Dermal DNEL (long term, systemic effect)- WORKERS
The oral subchronic toxicity study (Butterworth, 1978) was considered as a key study for the derivation of the DNEL. In this study, the limit dose of 1000 mg/kg/day was used as the high dose-levels and was considered to be the NOAEL of this study.
Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor:
Oral NOAEL = 1000 mg/kg/day
Step 2: Modification of the starting point:
-Correction for absorption difference between rat and human:
No difference in dermal and oral absorption are expected between rats and humans.
-Correction for absorption difference between dermal and oral absorption:
No data on absorption is available on heptanol or heptanoic acid.
Dermal NOAEL = 1000 mg/kg bw
Step 3: Assessment factors:
- Interspecies differences: an allometric scaling factor of 4 (standard for rats) is applied because no route-to-route extrapolation is performed. A factor of 2.5 to correct for differences other than differences in metabolic rate is also applied.
- Intraspecies differences: the default assessment factor of 5 is applied.
- Differences in exposure duration: 2
- Dose-response relationship: a factor of 1 is applied due to the use of a NOAEL as dose descriptor and the low toxicity of the test substance.
- Quality of whole database: 1
Global assessment factor: 4 x 2.5 x 5x 2 x 1 = 100
Step 4: DNEL derivation:
Worker dermal DNEL (long term, systemic effects) = 1000 / 100 = 10 mg/kg bw/day
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.68 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 8.68 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 2.5
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 2.5
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 4
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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