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EC number: 955-780-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Remarks:
- Experimental data of read across substances
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- WoE report is based on two toxicity to microorganisms studies as-
WoE 2 and WoE 3. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- WoE 2 - Concentrations: 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/l
WoE 3- Concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 1.00, 10 and 100 mg/l. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- WoE 3 - PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The solution was prepared by dissolving 0.32mg ammonium sulphate in 970 ml deionised water.
- Test concentration separation factor: 10 - Test organisms (species):
- other: WoE 2- Activated sludge, WoE 3 - Nitrosomonas. sp
- Details on inoculum:
- WoE 2- sludge of a Husman apparatus
WoE 3 - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected: Surface water samples (20ml) were collected in duplicate sets of 50ml sterile plastic containers from the upstream zone of Aba River located in Aba, Nigeria.
- Initial biomass concentration:. 3000,000 CFU
- Method of cultivation: ISOLATION OF NITROSOMONAS:
The isolation procedure was a modification of the method adapted from Colwell and Zambruskii (1972). The target microorganisms were first enriched by inoculating 10ml of water samples into 100ml of broth contained in a triplicate set of 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Incubation was at 28±2°C for 4 days in the dark. The culture (10ml) was then transferred into fresh sterile 100ml broth in a triplicate set of 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated as above. Two additional enrichments in broth as described above were carried out after which, 0.1 ml of enriched culture was inoculated onto a replicate set of agar plates by spread - plate method. Plates were incubated at 28±2°C and observed for growth. Discrete rnucoid colonies which developed were picked, purified by repeated streaking and Gram stained. Isolates which were Gram-negative rods were picked and presumed to be Ntrosomonas. Isolates were further identified by growth in nitrite-free broth. Cultures that were positive for presence of nitrite after 3 days of incubation in the dark were tentatively identified as Nitrosomonas. Stock cultures were prepared on Winogradsky agar slants and stored at 4°C.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure:
Cells were transferred from stock cultures into 20ml Winogradsky broth and incubated at 28±2°C with shaking for 48h for maximum biomass yield. The cells were washed in nitrite-free physiological saline using a vortex mixer and allowed to stand for 1 h. The cell sediment was resuspended in fresh sterile physiological saline and washed. The washing procedure was done repeatedly until nitrite-N was undetected thus ensuring no residual nitrite-N. Cell viability was determined by placing 1 ml inoculum into 20ml sterile ammonium sulphate solution (0.05mgL"1 ammonia-N) contained in a duplicate set of 150ml Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated as above for 3h. Samples (1ml) of the culture were tested periodically for the presence of nitrite-N. Cultures that were positive confirmed the viability of the cells and were used for bioassay. Controls consisted of autoclaved cultures. This was to show that the accumulation of nitrite-N in the experimental flasks was due to the metabolic activities of the cells and not abiotic factors. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- 3 to 8 hrs
- Test temperature:
- WoE 2- 21.1°C
WoE 3- 28±2°C - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- WoE 2: 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/l
WoE 3: 0.01, 0.1, 1.00, 10 and 100 mg/l. - Details on test conditions:
- WoE 3: TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Triplicate
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Triplicate
-Photoperiod: Darkness
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Medium: The Winogradsky medium phase II contained (gL·1): (NH4)2S04 2g; K2HP04 1.0; MgS04. 7H20 0.5g; NaCl 2g; FeS04. 7H20; 0.49; ZnCl2 trace amounts and deionised water 1,000ml. The pH of medium was 7.5. Sterilization was by membrane filtration (0.2µm pore size, Acrodisc). Solid medium was prepared by adding autoclaved agar No.1 (1.5%w/v) to the broth medium.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10
- Test concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 1.00, 10 and 100 mg/l.
- Incubation: In the dark at 28 ± 2°C with shaking - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- WoE 2- 3,5 Dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 - < 332.208 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: Other details not known
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- WoE 2- EC50 was within the range (10-25 mg O2/l)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- WoE 3- EC50 was estimated from the linear regression of the plot of ammonia oxidation rate against concentration of toxicant.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism, based of toxicity to microorganism study the 3 to 8 hr EC50 value of test chemical was determined to be > 100 to < 332.208 mg/l.
- Executive summary:
Data available of the structurally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the effect of the test chemical on microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:
The first study of toxicity to microorganisms was carried out according to OECD 209 guideline. Activated sludge (sludge of a Husman apparatus) was taken as test organism. Duration of study was 3 hr. Concentrations of the test substance were 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/l. Temperature was 21.1°C. Oxygen-consumption was measured with an electrode system. 3,5-Dichlorophenol was used as reference substance and EC50 was within the required range (10-25 mg O2/l)On the basis of toxicity to microorganism study the 3 hr EC0 and EC50 value of test chemical was determined to be 100 and > 100 mg/l respectively.
The second includes study of potential inhibitory effect of test chemical on ammonia-N oxidation by nitrosomonas was investigated. Source of inoculum was surface water samples (20ml) were collected in duplicate sets of 50ml sterile plastic containers from the upstream zone of Aba River located in Aba, Nigeria. The isolation procedure was a modification of the method adapted from Colwell and Zambruskii (1972). The target microorganisms were first enriched by inoculating 10ml of water samples into 100ml of broth contained in a triplicate set of 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Incubation was at 28±2°C for 4 days in the dark. The culture (10ml) was then transferred into fresh sterile 100ml broth in a triplicate set of 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated as above. Two additional enrichments in broth as described above were carried out after which, 0.1 ml of enriched culture was inoculated onto a replicate set of agar plates by spread-plate method. Plates were incubated at 28±2°C and observed for growth. Discrete rnucoid colonies which developed were picked, purified by repeated streaking and Gram stained. Isolates which were Gram-negative rods were picked and presumed to be Ntrosomonas. Isolates were further identified by growth in nitrite-free broth. Cultures that were positive for presence of nitrite after 3 days of incubation in the dark were tentatively identified as Nitrosomonas. Stock cultures were prepared on Winogradsky agar slants and stored at 4°C. Cells were transferred from stock cultures into 20ml Winogradsky broth and incubated at 28±2°C with shaking for 48h for maximum biomass yield. The cells were washed in nitrite-free physiological saline using a vortex mixer and allowed to stand for 1 h. The cell sediment was resuspended in fresh sterile physiological saline and washed. The washing procedure was done repeatedly until nitrite-N was undetected thus ensuring no residual nitrite-N. Cell viability was determined by placing 1 ml inoculum into 20ml sterile ammonium sulphate solution (0.05mgL"1 ammonia-N) contained in a duplicate set of 150ml Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated as above for 3h. Samples (1ml) of the culture were tested periodically for the presence of nitrite-N. Cultures that were positive confirmed the viability of the cells and were used for bioassay. Controls consisted of autoclaved cultures. This was to show that the accumulation of nitrite-N in the experimental flasks was due to the metabolic activities of the cells and not abiotic factors. Initial biomass concentration was 3000,000 CFU. Duration of test was 8 hr. Temperature was of 28±2°C. Test vessel was Erlenmeyer flasks. Fill volume was of 250 ml. Number of vessels per concentration (replicates)was in triplicate. Number of vessels per control (replicates) was in triplicate. The Winogradsky medium phase II contained (gL·1): (NH4)2S04 2g; K2HP04 1.0; MgS04. 7H20 0.5g; NaCl 2g; FeS04. 7H20; 0.49; ZnCl2 trace amounts and deionised water 1,000ml. The pH of medium was 7.5. Sterilization was by membrane filtration (0.2µm pore size, Acrodisc). Solid medium was prepared by adding autoclaved agar No.1 (1.5%w/v) to the broth medium. The solution was prepared by dissolving 0.32mg ammonium sulphate in 970 ml deionised water and dispensed in 97ml amounts into triplicate 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Into each triplicate set of flasks was added the appropriate toxicant concentration of 0.01, 0.1, 1.00, 10 and 100 mg/l. EC50 was estimated from the linear regression of the plot of ammonia oxidation rate against the concentration of toxicant. The median effective concentration EC50 of test chemical was determined to be 332.208 mg/l in the duration of 8 hr.
On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism, based of toxicity to microorganism study the 3 to 8 hr EC50 value of test chemical was determined to be > 100 to < 332.208 mg/l. As per the value of EC50 test chemical was consider as non-toxic to microorganisms.
Reference
Description of key information
On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism, based of toxicity to microorganism study the 3 to 8 hr EC50 value of test chemical was determined to be > 100 to < 332.208 mg/l.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
Data available of the structurally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the effect of the test chemical on microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:
The first study of toxicity to microorganisms was carried out according to OECD 209 guideline. Activated sludge (sludge of a Husman apparatus) was taken as test organism. Duration of study was 3 hr. Concentrations of the test substance were 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/l. Temperature was 21.1°C. Oxygen-consumption was measured with an electrode system. 3,5-Dichlorophenol was used as reference substance and EC50 was within the required range (10-25 mg O2/l)On the basis of toxicity to microorganism study the 3 hr EC0 and EC50 value of test chemical was determined to be 100 and > 100 mg/l respectively.
The second includes study of potential inhibitory effect of test chemical on ammonia-N oxidation by nitrosomonas was investigated. Source of inoculum was surface water samples (20ml) were collected in duplicate sets of 50ml sterile plastic containers from the upstream zone of Aba River located in Aba, Nigeria. The isolation procedure was a modification of the method adapted from Colwell and Zambruskii (1972). The target microorganisms were first enriched by inoculating 10ml of water samples into 100ml of broth contained in a triplicate set of 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Incubation was at 28±2°C for 4 days in the dark. The culture (10ml) was then transferred into fresh sterile 100ml broth in a triplicate set of 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated as above. Two additional enrichments in broth as described above were carried out after which, 0.1 ml of enriched culture was inoculated onto a replicate set of agar plates by spread-plate method. Plates were incubated at 28±2°C and observed for growth. Discrete rnucoid colonies which developed were picked, purified by repeated streaking and Gram stained. Isolates which were Gram-negative rods were picked and presumed to be Ntrosomonas. Isolates were further identified by growth in nitrite-free broth. Cultures that were positive for presence of nitrite after 3 days of incubation in the dark were tentatively identified as Nitrosomonas. Stock cultures were prepared on Winogradsky agar slants and stored at 4°C. Cells were transferred from stock cultures into 20ml Winogradsky broth and incubated at 28±2°C with shaking for 48h for maximum biomass yield. The cells were washed in nitrite-free physiological saline using a vortex mixer and allowed to stand for 1 h. The cell sediment was resuspended in fresh sterile physiological saline and washed. The washing procedure was done repeatedly until nitrite-N was undetected thus ensuring no residual nitrite-N. Cell viability was determined by placing 1 ml inoculum into 20ml sterile ammonium sulphate solution (0.05mgL"1 ammonia-N) contained in a duplicate set of 150ml Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated as above for 3h. Samples (1ml) of the culture were tested periodically for the presence of nitrite-N. Cultures that were positive confirmed the viability of the cells and were used for bioassay. Controls consisted of autoclaved cultures. This was to show that the accumulation of nitrite-N in the experimental flasks was due to the metabolic activities of the cells and not abiotic factors. Initial biomass concentration was 3000,000 CFU. Duration of test was 8 hr. Temperature was of 28±2°C. Test vessel was Erlenmeyer flasks. Fill volume was of 250 ml. Number of vessels per concentration (replicates)was in triplicate. Number of vessels per control (replicates) was in triplicate. The Winogradsky medium phase II contained (gL·1): (NH4)2S04 2g; K2HP04 1.0; MgS04. 7H20 0.5g; NaCl 2g; FeS04. 7H20; 0.49; ZnCl2 trace amounts and deionised water 1,000ml. The pH of medium was 7.5. Sterilization was by membrane filtration (0.2µm pore size, Acrodisc). Solid medium was prepared by adding autoclaved agar No.1 (1.5%w/v) to the broth medium. The solution was prepared by dissolving 0.32mg ammonium sulphate in 970 ml deionised water and dispensed in 97ml amounts into triplicate 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Into each triplicate set of flasks was added the appropriate toxicant concentration of 0.01, 0.1, 1.00, 10 and 100 mg/l. EC50 was estimated from the linear regression of the plot of ammonia oxidation rate against the concentration of toxicant. The median effective concentration EC50 of test chemical was determined to be 332.208 mg/l in the duration of 8 hr.
On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism, based of toxicity to microorganism study the 3 to 8 hr EC50 value of test chemical was determined to be > 100 to < 332.208 mg/l. As per the value of EC50 test chemical was consider as non-toxic to microorganisms.
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