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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
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- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
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- Aquatic toxicity
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- Short-term toxicity to fish
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- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
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Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 Nov - 07 Dec 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 021
- Report date:
- 2021
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 2020
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 2008
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2-bis[(hexadecanoyloxy)methyl]propane-1,3-diyl dihexadecanoate
- Cas Number:
- 18641-58-2
- Molecular formula:
- C69H132O8
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2-bis[(hexadecanoyloxy)methyl]propane-1,3-diyl dihexadecanoate
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- His operon (S. typhimurium strains) and trp operon (E. coli strain)
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
Cofactor supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction (S9 mix).
- source of S9 : Trinova Biochem GmbH, Giessen, Germany
- method of preparation of S9 mix: S9 mix was prepared from the livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats that were induced with 500 mg/kg bw Aroclor 1254.
- concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium: 5% (Experiment 1) and 10% (Experiment 2)
- quality controls of S9 (e.g., enzymatic activity, sterility, metabolic capability): Each S9 batch was characterised with the mutagens benzo-(a)-pyrene and 2-aminoanthracene in tester strain TA100. - Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Pre-experiment / Experiment 1: 0.55*, 1.7*, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512 and 1500 µg/plate
Experiment 2: 27, 48, 86, 154, 500 and 1000 µg/plate
*tested in strains TA100 and WP2uvrA only as part of the preliminary experiment
Justification for top dose: Selection of an adequate range of doses was based on a dose-range finding test with the strains TA100 and WP2uvrA, both with and without 5% (v/v) S9-mix. The highest concentration of the test item used in the subsequent mutation assays was the level at which the test item exhibited limited solubility. - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle/solvent used: dried tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: ICR-191, -S9 mix, 2.5 µg/plate in DMSO for TA1537; 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), +S9 mix, in DMSO, 1 µg/plate for TA98 and TA100, 2 µg/plate for TA100, 2.5 µg/plate for TA1535 and TA1537, 5 µg/plate for TA1537 and 15 µg/plate for WP2uvrA
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration: triplicate
- Number of independent experiments : 2
METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Test substance added in agar (plate incorporation)
- In the first experiment, 5% S9 mix was added, whereas in the second experiment 10% S9 mix were used.
TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: 48 ± 4 h at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY :
- Method: reduction of the bacterial bacground lawn, increase in the size of microcolonies and reduction of the revertant colonies
- Evaluation criteria:
- The test item was considered negative for gene mutation in bacteria if the following criteria were met:
- The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA was not greater than two times the concurrent vehicle control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537 or TA98 was not greater than three times the concurrent vehicle control.
- The negative response was reproducible in at least one follow-up experiment.
The test item was considered positive for gene mutation in bacteria if the following criteria were met:
- The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA was greater than two times the concurrent vehicle control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 was greater than three times the concurrent vehicle control.
- In case a follow up experiment was performed when a positive response was observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response was reproducible in at least one follow up experiment.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation and time of the determination: In the first experiment, precipitation of the test item on the plates was observed at concentrations of 512 µg/plate and upwards. Since the test item precipitated heavily on the plates at the test item concentration of 1500 μg/plate, the number of revertants at this dose level could not be determined. In the second experiment, precipitation was observed at 500 and/or 1000 μg/plate (except for tester strains TA100 and WP2uvrA in the presence of S9-mix for which only moderate precipitation was observed), the number of revertants at these dose levels could not be determined.
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
The test item was tested in the tester strains TA100 and WP2uvrA at concentrations of 0.55, 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512 and 1500 µg/plate in the absence and presence of S9 mix. Based on the results of the dose-range finding test, the following dose-range was selected for the first mutation experiment. The results obtained in the preliminary experiment with strains TA100 and Wp2uvrA were designated part of Experiment 1.
STUDY RESULTS
There was no increase in the number of revertant colonies observed for any strain at any concentration in any eperiment, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation. The solvent controls remained within the range of historical control data, the positive controls induced a marked increase in the number of revertant colonies, thus demonstrating the functionality of the metabolic activation system and the sensitivity of the test.
Please refer to Tables No. 1 and 2 under "Any other information on results incl. tables".
CYTOTOXICITY:
In the first experiment, there was no cytotoxicity observed for any strain at any concentration with or without S9 mix. In the second experiment, a fluctuation in the number of revertant colonies below the laboratory historical control data range was observed for strain TA1537. However, since no dose relationship was observed, the reduction was not considered to be caused by toxicity of the test item. It was more likely the reduction was caused by an incidental fluctuation in the number of revertant colonies.
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (HCD): Please refer to Tables 1 and 2 under "Any other information on results incl. tables".
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Results preliminary experiment and Experiment 1
Preliminary experiment (strains TA100 and WP2uvrA) and Experiment 1 (strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98): Plate incorporation assay, 5% S9 mix | ||||||||||
Strain | TA 100 | Wp2uvrA | TA 1535 | TA 1537 | TA 98 | |||||
Metabolic activation | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 |
Vehicle control | ||||||||||
THF mean | 86 | 69 | 16 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 12 | 19 |
± SD | ± 7 | ± 10 | ± 2 | ± 1 | ± 5 | ± 2 | ± 1 | ± 1 | ± 2 | ± 4 |
HCD#mean | 109 | 101 | 24 | 29 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 14 | 18 |
± SD | ± 19 | ± 21 | ± 9 | ± 10 | ± 3 | ± 3 | ± 2 | ± 2 | ± 5 | ± 6 |
[range] | 58 - 188 | 50 - 176 | 9 - 61 | 11 - 68 | 3 - 26 | 4 - 25 | 2 - 24 | 2 - 17 | 4 - 61 | 6 - 60 |
Test item [µg/plate] | ||||||||||
0.55 mean | 92 | 74 | 14 | 16 | ||||||
± SD | ± 10 | ± 5 | ± 2 | ± 1 | ||||||
1.7 mean | 84 | 79 | 9 | 16 | ||||||
± SD | ± 13 | ± 8 | ± 6 | ± 0 | ||||||
5.4 mean | 88 | 73 | 18 | 12 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 19 |
± SD | ± 8 | ± 7 | ± 2 | ± 2 | ± 1 | ± 2 | ± 2 | ± 1 | ± 6 | ± 4 |
17 mean | 89 | 65 | 18 | 20 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 17 |
± SD | ± 11 | ± 9 | ± 8 | ± 7 | ± 3 | ± 2 | ± 3 | ± 2 | ± 3 | ± 3 |
52 mean | 92 | 65 | 14 | 21 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 16 |
± SD | ± 11 | ± 8 | ± 2 | ± 5 | ± 3 | ± 4 | ± 3 | ± 2 | ± 2 | ± 4 |
164 mean | 90 NP | 76 NP | 13 NP | 21 NP | 9 NP | 16 NP | 4 NP | 5 NP | 13 NP | 17 NP |
± SD | ± 16 | ± 4 | ± 3 | ± 2 | ± 4 | ± 3 | ± 1 | ± 1 | ± 5 | ± 5 |
512 mean | 113 SP | 100 SP | 11 MP | 13 MP | 7 MP | 8 MP | 5 MP | 4 MP | 9 MP | 11 MP |
± SD | ± 7 | ± 20 | ± 7 | ± 4 | ± 2 | ± 1 | ± 1 | ± 3 | ± 2 | ± 5 |
1500 mean | nHP | nHP | nHP | nHP | nHP | nHP | nHP | nHP | nHP | nHP |
± SD | ||||||||||
Positive control | ||||||||||
§mean | 692 | 1144 | 1390 | 273 | 998 | 307 | 1283 | 249 | 1654 | 940 |
± SD | ± 78 | ± 34 | ± 33 | ± 27 | ± 2 | ± 17 | ± 46 | ± 103 | ± 132 | ± 49 |
HCD#mean | 865 | 1432 | 1196 | 421 | 972 | 289 | 818 | 293 | 1252 | 945 |
± SD | ± 181 | ± 398 | ± 526 | ± 186 | ± 170 | ± 108 | ± 370 | ± 142 | ± 251 | ± 378 |
[range] | 452 - 1993 | 397 - 2666 | 93 - 1999 | 109 - 1968 | 107 - 1530 | 78 - 1481 | 64 - 1475 | 52 - 1843 | 379 - 2118 | 265 - 2077 |
§= information on respective positive control is reported in Material and Method section | ||||||||||
#= Historical control data generated from Nov 2017 - Nov 2020 | ||||||||||
HP= heavy precipitate, number of revertants could not be determined;MP: moderate precipitate;NP: no precipitate;SP: slight precipitate;n: normal backterial background lawn |
Table 2: Results Experiment 2
Experiment 2 (all strains): Plate incorporation assay, 10% S9 mix | ||||||||||
Strain | TA 100 | Wp2uvrA | TA 1535 | TA 1537 | TA 98 | |||||
Metabolic activation | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 |
Vehicle control | ||||||||||
THF mean | 100 | 75 | 16 | 24 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 12 |
± SD | ± 6 | ± 5 | ± 7 | ± 5 | ± 5 | ± 4 | ± 3 | ± 4 | ± 4 | ± 4 |
HCD#mean | 109 | 101 | 24 | 29 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 14 | 18 |
± SD | ± 19 | ± 21 | ± 9 | ± 10 | ± 3 | ± 3 | ± 2 | ± 2 | ± 5 | ± 6 |
[range] | 58 - 188 | 50 - 176 | 9 - 61 | 11 - 68 | 3 - 26 | 4 - 25 | 2 - 24 | 2 - 17 | 4 - 61 | 6 - 60 |
Test item [µg/plate] | ||||||||||
27 mean | 113 | 80 | 23 | 23 | 11 SP | 10 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 8 |
± SD | ± 8 | ± 8 | ± 1 | ± 5 | ± 3 | ± 2 | ± 4 | ± 5 | ± 6 | ± 4 |
48 mean | 85 | 73 | 21 | 29 | 11 SP | 8 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 13 |
± SD | ± 5 | ± 5 | ± 2 | ± 4 | ± 6 | ± 2 | ± 2 | ± 2 | ± 3 | ± 3 |
86 mean | 85 NP | 57 | 17 NP | 18 | 10 SP | 12 NP | 6 NP | 5 NP | 7 NP | 9 NP |
± SD | ± 18 | ± 7 | ± 8 | ± 7 | ± 2 | ± 4 | ± 4 | ± 3 | ± 4 | ± 5 |
154 mean | 85 SP | 79 NP | 13 MPSP | 18NP | 6 MP | 9 MP NP | 8 SP | 7 SP | 8 SP | 13 SP |
± SD | ± 18 | ± 9 | ± 3 | ± 6 | ± 3 | ± 2 | ± 6 | ± 2 | ± 2 | ± 2 |
500 mean | 85 | 78 SP | 22 MP | 24 MP | 9 MP | HP | MP | 8 SP | MP | 19 MP |
± SD | ± 9 | ± 22 | ± 1 | ± 1 | ± 2 | ± 5 | ± 5 | |||
1000 mean | nHP | 63 nMP | nHP | 22 nMP | nHP | 10 nMP HP | nHP | nHP | nHP | nHP |
± SD | ± 7 | ± 7 | ± 1 | |||||||
Positive control | ||||||||||
§mean | 799 | 1347 | 1399 | 247 | 716 | 194 | 1125 | 268 | 1477 | 536 |
± SD | ± 32 | ± 61 | ± 75 | ± 28 | ± 38 | ± 21 | ± 127 | ± 82 | ± 97 | ± 42 |
HCD#mean | 865 | 1432 | 1196 | 421 | 972 | 289 | 818 | 293 | 1252 | 945 |
± SD | ± 181 | ± 398 | ± 526 | ± 186 | ± 170 | ± 108 | ± 370 | ± 142 | ± 251 | ± 378 |
[range] | 452 - 1993 | 397 - 2666 | 93 - 1999 | 109 - 1968 | 107 - 1530 | 78 - 1481 | 64 - 1475 | 52 - 1843 | 379 - 2118 | 265 - 2077 |
§= information on respective positive control is reported in Material and Method section | ||||||||||
#= Historical control data generated from Nov 2017 - Nov 2020; THF: tetrahydrofuran, solvent control | ||||||||||
HP= heavy precipitate, number of revertants could not be determined;MP: moderate precipitate;NP: no precipitate;SP: slight precipitate;n: normal backterial background lawn |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the test item was not mutagenic in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 and in E. coli strain WP2uvrA with and without metabolic activation.
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