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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 900-600-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Well documented study applying generally accepted scientific standards and available guidelines if available so far. The characteristics of the test item doesn’t match with recent requirements (e.g. too low recovery after extraction from test soils probably because of volatility).
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 796.2750 (Sediment and Soil Adsorption Isotherm)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- - special apparatus for volatile substances: Zero headspace Extractor ( ZHE) used
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A mixture of 16 volatile and semi-volatile compounds including CTC was incubated together in 2 soils at 5 concentrations in order to assess on
mixture effects on adsorption - GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- batch equilibrium method
- Media:
- soil
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Test temperature:
- The test temperature is not stated in the publication of Walton et al (1992) but it is assumed that ambient temperature conditions applied and
therefore 20±5 °C is stated in the sections below. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- After 18 h of rotation, movement of the piston was used to effect filtration of the suspension through a glass-fibre filter (0.7-mm pore space) contained within the Zero Headspace Extractor (ZHE). Two 2-mL samples of the aqueous filtrate were withdrawn directly into a glass syringe and transferred to 2-mL septum-scaled glass vials, which were then capped without a headspace, for chemical analysis. The resultant soil cake was then extracted with three 50-mL aliquots of methanol by rotating the ZHB for 15 min during each extraction. Aliquots of the methanol filtrate were taken in a manner identical to the aqueous nitrate samples. The recovery of each chemical as determined from analysis of both the aqueous and methanol extracts.
Samples were stored at 4 °C until analysis, which occurred within 14 d as specified in the USEPA Method 624 (USEPA. 1984). Care was taken to limit exposure of the samples to the atmosphere during all phases of the experiment. - Details on matrix:
- Two soils, a Captina silt loam from Roane County, TN, U.S.A and a Laurin sandy loam from Stone County, MS, U.S.A. were used.
Both soils were acidic and low in organic carbon content:
- Captina silt loam, pHcalcium chloride = 4.97±0.08 and organic carbon content = 1.49±0.06%
- McLaurin sandy loam, pHcalcium chloride = 4.43±0.03 and organic carbon content = 0.66±0.04%
The soils were air dried and sieved to 2.0 mm before experimental use.
Selected properties of these soils are given by Walton et al (1989) and Anderson et al (1991). - Details on test conditions:
- 7 experiments with CTC (2 replicates) were conducted.
Each of the 19 substances were added to the reaction vessel, in individual concentrations of 100, 500, 550, 600 and 650 µg/g (=mg/kg) of soil
Zero Headspace Extractor (ZHE) type reaction vessel was used. - Sample No.:
- #1
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 100 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Sample No.:
- #2
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 500 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Sample No.:
- #3
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 550 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Sample No.:
- #4
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 600 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Sample No.:
- #5
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 650 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Sample No.:
- #6
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 100 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Sample No.:
- #7
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 500 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Sample No.:
- #8
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 550 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Sample No.:
- #9
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 600 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Sample No.:
- #10
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Initial conc. measured:
- 650 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- >= 48.89 - <= 143.6
- Type:
- log Koc
- Value:
- >= 1.69 - <= 2.16
- Adsorption and desorption constants:
- The mean values from 7 determinations performed with CTC were:
Sorption partition coefficients (Kp)
2.140±0.478 for the silt loam and 48.9±16.16 for the sandy loam
Sorption Coefficients (Koc)
143.6±32.11 for the silt loam and 48.9±16.16 for the sandy loam, while the weighted mean Koc value for both soils was calculated being 115.2 - Recovery of test material:
- CTC showed an average extraction efficienty of 65±11.6% in the Captina silt loam and 58±4.7% in the McLaurin sandy loam.
- Concentration of test substance at end of adsorption equilibration period:
- no data
- Transformation products:
- not measured
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Executive summary:
Most CTC released to soil is expected to volatilize rapidly due to its high vapour pressure. A fraction of CTC remaining in the soil may adsorb to the soil organic matter. Nevertheless, CTC is expected to be moderately mobile in most soils, depending on the organic carbon content. The composition of the soil organic matter and the water content of the soil may also affect adsorption.
Walton et al. (1992) studied the adsorption of CTC from solution onto two soils, a silt loam (1.49% organic carbon) and a sandy loam (0.66% organic carbon). The soil was shaken with several concentrations of CTC (100, 500, 550, 600, and 650 mg/kg soil) in a mixture together with 15 further volatile and semi-volatile substances in a Zero Headspace Extractor (for reduction of volatilisation losses) for 18 h. The Kocmeans from 7 determinations were 143.6±32.11 for the silt loam and 48.9±16.16 for the sandy loam, while the weighted mean Kocvalue for both soils was calculated being 115.2. The sorption was independent from the concentrations used. This implicates that soil sorption from non-ionic organic compounds from water on soil sorption is a non-competitive process under the conditions tested and the found values for CTC are considered valid and comparable to ones from single component tests.
Reference
Description of key information
Based on data available on CTC, the substance is considered as highly mobile in soils according to McCall et al. (1980) (Koc <150 L/kg).
Constituent values (Koc):
Carbon tetrachloride (CTC): 115.2 L/kg
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 115.2
Additional information
No experimental study was conducted on the multiconstituent substance (Flux1). Instead, a constituent-based, Weight-of-Evidence approach, was performed.
The three major constituents were targeted, representing ca 95% of a typical composition (carbon tetrachloride(CAS n° 56-23-5), 1,2-Dichloroethane (CAS n°107 -06 -2) and chloroform (CAS n° 67-66 -3)). Numerous published data were available, and a single consensus value was selected for each, from a reliable source.
No average key value was derived for the multiconstituent substance: as the Risk Assessment is conducted per constituent, individual values are the key data.
Carbon tetrachloride (Walton et al. 1992; K2):
The Kocmeans from 7 determinations were 143.6±32.11 L/kg for the silt loam and 48.9±16.16 L/kg for the sandy loam, while the weighted mean Kocvalue for both soils was calculated being 115.2 L/kg.
Carbon tetrachloride is considered as highly mobile according to McCall et al. (1980) (Koc<150 L/kg).
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