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EC number: 946-797-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Guideline study but it is not certain whether the study was conducted in accordance with GLP.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Environment Canada EPS 1/RM/45, February 2005
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- The data is from a publication and this information was not included.
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Soil samples were collected throughout the initial treatment, preparation (i.e., at manure amendment, following the 2-h equilibrium period, and following mixing of the amended biosolid with the Gr10 soil) for the range-finding tests to confirm the analytical methodology used, as well as to evaluate the loss of D5 over time. For the definitive tests, samples were taken for analysis only on day 0 of the test (i.e., when the test organisms were added) to confirm dose concentrations in the test soil. All samples were immediately frozen and stored at -20°C prior to analysis. All samples were analyzed for cVMS D4, D5 and D6 concurrently by Quebec Laboratory for Environmental Testing of Environment Canada (Montreal, Quebec).
Triplicate 1.0g (+/-0.2) (wet weight) samples were then measured into glass tubes and well mixed to ensure solids are homogenized. To extract the soil samples, 5 mL of acetonitrile was added to each sample and vortexed followed by the addition of 5 mL of pentane (also vortexed). The sample was then sonicated in an ice bath for 10 min followed by centrifugation at 1500 RPM for 10 min at 15°C. The pentane phase was then transferred to a clean GC vial and 75 μL of naphthalene-D8 solution(lfi) ng/μL in pentane) was added as an internal standard. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- A sandy loam soil (Gr10) was obtained from Greely Sand and Gravel (Ottawa Ontario (ON)) in June 2010 and was dried, sieved (4-mm mesh) and homogenized prior to use. The negative control treatment consisted of a formulated artificial soil (AS) comprising 10% air-dried pre-sieved Sphagnum sp. peat, 20% kaolin clay, and 70% silica sand, with calcium carbonate added to standardize the soil pH.
For the toxicity tests, the soil was amended with either an uncontaminated or contaminated surrogate biosolid. Although available, the use of an actual biosolid produced from a water treatment facility was not pursued as an option for use in the toxicity tests as the potential for other contaminants or toxicants present in the sample may have confounded toxicity test results. As a result, mushroom compost and organic cow manure were both considered as options for a surrogate biosolid. Both alternative biosolids were analyzed in conjunction with a real biosolid (obtained from the Robert O. Picard Water Treatment facility in Ottawa, ON) for comparison of their physical and chemical characteristics. Based on these characteristics. the organic cow manure was selected for its similarity in percent organic matter to the actual biosolid.
To prepare test samples, the surrogate biosolid was amended with D5 (97% pure liquid; Sigma-Aldrich) to create a contaminated test substance; subsequently, the amended biosolid was manually mixed for 2 min, covered to prevent volatilization, and allowed to equilibrate for 2 h. Following the 2 h equilibration period, the amended biosolid was added to the Gr10 soil at a rate of 5 g/kg (on a dry weight basis), equivalent to 8 t/ha, a common application rate for biosolids on agricultural soils in Ontario to create the test soil. Each test concentration was prepared independently. The average moisture content of the test soil was 38± 3%, with an average pH of 7.55±0.15 for all test set-ups. - Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- All seeds were purchased from commercial suppliers and underwent in-house germination and emergence evaluations, as well as reference toxicant testing prior to use.
- Species:
- Trifolium pratense
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- All seeds were purchased from commercial suppliers and underwent in-house germination and emergence evaluations, as well as reference toxicant testing prior to use.
- Test type:
- other: Seedling emergence, shoot and root length and dry biomass
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Test temperature:
- 25°C (day) and 15°C (night) +/-3°C
- pH:
- 7.55 +/-0.15
- Moisture:
- 38 +/-3%
- Details on test conditions:
- Test vessels were incubated for 14d on a light/dark cycle of 16 h/8 h at 25°C and 15°C (+/-3°C), respectively. The mean light intensity during 'day' hours was 307 +/-24 and 275 +/-43 μmol (m2t)-1 for T. pratense and H. vulgare respectively: these were within the range specified in the method. Upon completion of the test, the number of emerged seedlings was counted, and the shoot and root length and dry biomass measured and recorded.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- H . vulgare test: Nominal/measured concentrations of D5 at time 0 were 0/2.02, 143/39, 244/77, 414/218, 704/275, 1197/610, 2035/1357, 3460/1347, 5882/1561, and 10 000/3127 (mg/kg dry wt.). Measured values >0 mg/kg D5 in control soil were used as background values.
T. pratense: Nominal/measured concentrations of D5 at time 0 were 0/1.34, 143/41, 244/63, 414/67, 704/252, 1197/675, 2035/1018, 3460/1015, 5882/1918, and 10000/4054 (mg/kg dry wt.). - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 3 127 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2 051 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot length
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1675-2518
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 3 127 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: root length
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 248 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 201-307
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 209 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: root dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 150-292
- Species:
- Trifolium pratense
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 4 054 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Species:
- Trifolium pratense
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 4 054 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot and root length
- Species:
- Trifolium pratense
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 4 054 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot and root dry mass
- Details on results:
- Emergence was not affected by the D5 concentrations chosen for testing regardless of plant species. However, differences in sensitivity between the two plant species were evident in that H. vulgare was significantly more sensitive for the given growth endpoints. There was no effect observed for any of the test endpoints for T. pratense. For H. vulgare, shoot and root biomass endpoints were significantly more affected than length.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The effective concentration (i.e., EC50s) was calculated for plant emergence using the EPA Probit Analysis Program {version 1.5) of the EPA Trimmed Spearman-Karber (TSK) Program (version 1.5). Inhibitory concentrations (i.e., lC50s) were estimated for plant shoot and root length and dry biomass using nonlinear regression analysis via SYSTAT (version 13) software, ensuring that model assumptions (normality and homoscedasticity) were met. When regression models were unable to calculate the IC50, or model assumptions were not met, a "Linear Interpolation for Sublethal Toxicity: The Inhibition Concentration (ICp) Approach" (ICPIN) (version 2.0) was used. ln cases where a 50% effect was not observed, an ANOVA was performed to determine if there was a significant difference in the measured endpoint across treatments. lf a significant difference was found. then Fishers least significant difference test was used to determine where the difference was among treatments.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A 14-day IC50 value of 209 mg/kg dry weight has been determined for the effects of the test substance on root dry mass of Hordeum vulgare. IC50/EC50 values for effects on seedling emergence, root and shoot length and shoot dry mass determined in the same test were ≥248 mg/kg dry weight. 14-day EC50 values of >4054 mg/kg dry weight have been determined for the effects of the test substance on seedling emergence, root and shoot length and root and shoot dry mass of Trifolium pratense. NOECs were not determined in the tests.
Reference
Description of key information
L4: IC50 (14-day): 209 mg/kg dry weight, root dry mass, Hordeum vulgare, read-across from D5 CAS 541-02-6.
EC50 (14-day): >4054 mg/kg dry weight, seedling emergence, root and shoot length and root and shoot dry mass, Trifolium pratense, read-across from D5 CAS 541-02-6.
L5: IC50 (14-day): 209 mg/kg dry weight, root dry mass, Hordeum vulgare, read-across from D5 CAS 541-02-6.
EC50 (14-day): >4054 mg/kg dry weight, seedling emergence, root and shoot length and root and shoot dry mass, Trifolium pratense, read-across from D5 CAS 541-02-6.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Constituents HMDS and L3
No data are available for the effects of Constituent HMDS or Constituent L3 on terrestrial plants. Data is waived on the basis that the test substance is too volatile to maintain adequate concentrations in the test system.
Constituents L4 and L5
There are no data describing the toxicity of L4 and L5 to terrestrial plants. However, data are available for the siloxane decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5, CAS 541-02-6). These data are read across to Constituents L4 and L5.
A short-term (14-day) IC50 value of 209 mg/kg dry weight has been determined for the effects of D5 on root dry mass of Hordeum vulgare. IC50/EC50 values for effects on seedling emergence, root and shoot length and shoot dry mass determined in the same test were ≥248 mg/kg dry weight. 14-day EC50 values of >4054 mg/kg dry weight have been determined for the effects of D5 on seedling emergence, root and shoot length and root and shoot dry mass of Trifolium pratense. NOECs were not determined in the tests.
Testing proposal for Constituent L4
An OECD TG 208 toxicity to terrestrial plants study is proposed for L4. The need for this study will be re-assessed once the results of the OECD TG 222 with L4 are available. If there is no indication of risk from the OECD TG 222 study, the OECD TG 208 will not be conducted.
Read-across of the terrestrial toxicity data for D5 to L4 is considered to be suitable to derive an interim hazard and risk assessment under REACH for L4.
Test proposal for Constituent L5
An OECD TG 208 toxicity to terrestrial plants study is proposed for L5. The need for this study will be re-assessed once the results of the OECD TG 222 with L5 are available. If there is no indication of risk from the OECD TG 222 study, the OECD TG 208 will not be conducted.
Read-across of the terrestrial toxicity data for D5 to L5 is considered to be suitable to derive an interim hazard and risk assessment under REACH for L5.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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