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EC number: 500-129-7 | CAS number: 55552-95-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- A mixed population of sewage treatment micro-organisms was obtained on 6 June 2016 from the final effluent stage of the Severn Trent Water Plc sewage treatment plant at Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK, which treats predominantly domestic sewage.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 20 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
Test Item Preparation
An initial experiment was conducted at a concentration of 100 mg test item/L. The toxicity control vessel, containing both the test item and aniline, attained less than 25% biodegradation after 14 days. This result indicated that, under the strict terms and conditions of the OECD Guidelines, the test item would be classed as exhibiting inhibitory effects.
Therefore, following the recommendations of the Test Guidelines, in the definitive test, the test item at a reduced concentration of 20 mg test item/L was exposed to sewage treatment micro-organisms with mineral media.
The test item was dissolved directly in mineral medium.
Reference Item Preparation
A reference item, aniline (C6H5NH2), was used to prepare the procedure control vessels. An initial stock solution of 1000 mg/L was prepared by dissolving the reference item directly in mineral medium with the aid of ultrasonication for approximately 10 minutes. An aliquot (50 mL) of this stock solution was diluted with mineral medium (445 mL) and the inoculum (5 mL), to give the test concentration of 100 mg/L. The volumetric flask containing the stock solution was inverted several times to ensure homogeneity.
Toxicity Control
A toxicity control, containing the test item and aniline, was prepared in order to assess any toxic effect of the test item on the sewage treatment micro-organisms used in the test. An aliquot (50 mL) of the 200 mg/L test item stock solution (see Section 3.5.1) and an aliquot (50 mL) of the 1000 mg/L aniline stock solution (see Section 3.5.2) was diluted with mineral medium (395 mL) and inoculum (5 mL) to give the test concentration of 20 mg test item/L and 100 mg aniline/L.
Preparation of Test System
The following test preparations were prepared and inoculated in 500 mL bottles:
a) Three replicate bottles containing inoculated mineral medium to act as the inoculum control.
b) Two replicate bottles containing inoculated mineral medium and the reference item, aniline, at a concentration of 100 mg/L.
c) Three replicate bottles containing inoculated mineral medium and the test item at a concentration of 20 mg/L.
d) Two replicate bottles containing inoculated mineral medium the reference item, aniline, at a concentration of 100 mg/L and the test item at a concentration of 20 mg/L to act as toxicity control vessels.
Data from the inoculum control and procedure control vessels was shared with similar concurrent studies.
All vessels were inoculated with the prepared inoculum at a rate of 1% v/v.
On Day 0 the test and reference items were added and the pH of all vessels measured using a Hach HQ40d Flexi handheld meter.
In order to confirm that the aniline and test item stock solutions were prepared correctly, a diluted, 100 mg/L stock solution (in reverse osmosis water) was also sampled for Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) analysis.
All remaining inoculum control, test item, procedure control and toxicity control vessels were placed in a CES Multi-Channel Aerobic Respirometer.
The system consists of a sample flask sealed by a sensor head/CO2 trap immersed in a temperature controlled water bath. The samples were stirred for the duration of the test with a magnetically coupled stirrer.
As biodegradation progresses, the micro-organisms convert oxygen to carbon dioxide which is absorbed into the ethanolamine solution (50% v/v) causing a net reduction in gas pressure within the sample flask (see Figure1). The pressure reduction triggers the electrolytic process, generating oxygen and restoring the pressure in the sample flask. The magnitude of the electrolyzing current and the duration of the current is proportional to the amount of oxygen supplied to the micro-organisms. The data generated from the respirometer’s own battery backed memory was collected on the hard disk drive of a non-dedicated computer.
The test was conducted in diffuse light at a temperature between 21 and 22 ºC.
On Day 28, two inoculum control, one procedure control, two test item and one toxicity control vessel were sampled for pH.
The remaining vessels which were not sampled were discarded and are not reported. Additional replicate vessels were prepared and incubated in order that in the event of a leak in the test system a replicate vessel could be discarded without jeopardizing the integrity of the test.- Reference substance:
- aniline
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Validation Criteria
The mean BOD of the inoculated mineral medium (control) was 22.93 mg O2/L after 28 days and therefore satisfied the validation criterion given in the OECD Test Guidelines.
The pH of the inoculated test item vessels on Day 28 was 7.6 and hence satisfied the validation criterion given in the OECD Test Guidelines.
The difference between extremes of replicate BOD values at the end of the test was less than 20% and therefore satisfied the validation criterion given in the OECD Test Guidelines.
Biodegradation
The test item attained 0% biodegradation after 28 days, calculated from the oxygen consumption values, and therefore cannot be considered to be readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline No. 301F.
There were statistically significant differences (P≥0.05) between the control and test item Day 28 BOD values. The test item was therefore considered to have had an inhibitory effect on the sewage treatment micro-organisms used in the test.
The toxicity control attained 0% biodegradation after 14 days and 30% biodegradation after 28 days, thereby confirming that the test item was inhibitory to the sewage treatment micro-organisms used in the test.
Care should therefore be taken with the interpretation of the biodegradation results as the test item has exhibited inhibitory effects at the test concentration of 20 mg/L.
Aniline (procedure control) attained 69% biodegradation after 14 days and 77% biodegradation after 28 days thereby confirming the suitability of the inoculum and test conditions. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test item attained 0% biodegradation after 28 days and therefore cannot be considered as readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline No. 301F.
Care should be taken with the interpretation of these results as the test item has exhibited inhibitory effects at the test concentration of 20 mg/L. - Executive summary:
Introduction
The study was performed to assess the ready biodegradability of the test item in an aerobic aqueous media. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1992) No. 301F, “Ready Biodegradability; Manometric Respirometry Test” referenced as method C.4-D of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 and US EPA Fate, Transport, and Transformation Test Guidelines OCSPP 835.3110 (Paragraph (q)).
Methods
An initial experiment conducted at a concentration of 100 mg/L was exposed to sewage treatment micro-organisms with mineral medium in sealed culture vessels in diffuse light. The toxicity control vessel, containing both the test item and sodium benzoate, attained less than 25% biodegradation after 14 days indicating that, under the strict terms and conditions of the OECD Guidelines, the test item would be classed as exhibiting inhibitory effects.
Therefore, following the recommendations of the Test Guidelines, in the definitive test, the test item at a reduced concentration of 20 mg/L was exposed to sewage treatment micro-organisms with mineral medium in sealed culture vessels in diffuse light at temperatures of between 21 and 22 ºC for 28 days.
The biodegradation of the test item was assessed by the measurement of daily oxygen consumption values on Days 0 to 28. Control solutions with inoculum and the reference item, aniline, together with a toxicity control were used for validation purposes.
Results
The test item attained 0% biodegradation after 28 days and therefore cannot be considered to be readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline No. 301F.
Care should be taken with the interpretation of these results as the test item has exhibited inhibitory effects at the test concentration of 20 mg/L.
Reference
Description of key information
The test item attained 0% biodegradation after 28 days and therefore cannot be considered as readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline No. 301F.
Care should be taken with the interpretation of these results as the test item has exhibited inhibitory effects at the test concentration of 20 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
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