Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 241-026-4 | CAS number: 16957-70-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: read-across from a guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- The information is derived from read across. The rationale is presented in the Endpoint summary biodegradation in water:screening section.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 86
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: read-across from Methacrylic acid
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Annex XI criteria for using read across are all fulfilled
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- The information is used for read across to Fragarone.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: activated sewage sludge bacteria
- Details on inoculum:
- Aeration stage of the HRC Limited sewage treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 3 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: Percent biodegradation determined by comparing oxygen depletion value with the corresponding ThOD
- Details on study design:
- Sampling at 0, 5, 15 and 28 days
20°C - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 86
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Oxygen depletion = 4.325 mg O2/L; ThOD = 5.01 mg O2/L
- Details on results:
- Oxygen depletion in the inoculated and non-inoculated control series were within prescribed limits.
The substance passed the "time window" criterion (60% degradation within 10 days of attaining the 10% level) - Results with reference substance:
- 87% degradation within 28 days
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- In a Closed Bottle test (OECD TG 301D) guideline study, the substance was considered readily biodegradable (86% degradation within 28 days, 10 day window passed).
- Executive summary:
In a Closed Bottle test according to OECD 301 D methacrylic acid attained 86 % biodegradation within 28 days. The"pass" level of 60 % was reached within 10 days of exceeding 10 % level. Therefore methacrylic acid can be termed as readily biodegradable.
NOTE: Any of data in this dataset are disseminated by the European Union on a right-to-know basis and this is not a publication in the same sense as a book or an article in a journal. The right of ownership in any part of this information is reserved by the data owner(s). The use of this information for any other, e.g. commercial purpose is strictly reserved to the data owners and those persons or legal entities having paid the respective access fee for the intended purpose.
Referenceopen allclose all
Mean oxygen depletion and percentage biodegradation values
Culture medium |
Day 5 |
Day 15 |
Day 28 |
(a) Dilution water without inoculum 02depletion (mgO2/I) |
0.175 |
0.275 |
0.250 |
(b) Dilution water with inoculum 02depletion (mgO2/I) |
0.100 |
0.300 |
0.375 |
(c) Test substance (3 mg/l) 02depletion (mgO2/I) % degradation |
3.050 61 |
3.000 60 |
4.325 86 |
(d) . Standard substance (3 mg/l) 02depletion (mgO2/I) % degradation |
3.275 65 |
3.450 69 |
4.375 87 |
t1/2: 10.3 days
Description of key information
Fragarone is readily biodegradable based on read across from Methacrylic acid (CAS# 79 -41 -1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
First a short summary of the biodegradation study of the analogue of Fragarone: Methyl acrylic acid is presented and thereafter the read across rationale.
Methacryl acid biodegradation
In a Closed Bottle test according to OECD 301 D Methacrylic acid attained 86 % biodegradation within 28 days. The"pass" level of 60 % was reached within 10 days of exceeding 10 % level. Therefore Methacrylic acid is readily biodegradable.
Read across rationale
Biodegradation of Fragarone (CAS# 16957-70-3) based on read across from data available for Methacrylic acid (CAS# 79-41-4).
Introduction and hypothesis for the analogue approach
Fragarone is a 2-pentenoic acid which is methylated at the 2 position. For this substance there are no experimental biodegradation data available. Biodegradation information may be generated by other means, i.e. applying alternative methods such as QSARs, grouping and read-across. For assessing the ready biodegradability of Fragarone, the analogue approach is selected because for a closely related analogue, Methacrylic acid, ready biodegradation information is available which can be used for read across.
Hypothesis: Fragarone has the same biodegradation potential as Methacrylic acid.
Available information: Read-across is performed from Methacrylic acid, for which a ready biodegradation study was performed according to OECD TG 301D (Closed Bottle Test, Rel. 1). In this study, 3 mg/L test substance was inoculated with activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant treating predominantly domestic waste. After 28 days inoculation biodegradation reached 86% based on ThOD. The 10-day pass level of 60% was fulfilled and therefore Methacrylic acid is readily biodegradable.
Target chemical and source chemical(s)
Chemical structures of the target chemical and the source chemical are shown in the data matrix, including physico-chemical properties.
Purity / Impurities
Both Fragarone and Methacrylic acid are mono-constituent substances with purities close to 100%. Neither Fragarone nor Methacrylic acid contain any impurities that are considered to impact the assessment of biodegradation from read across.
Analogue approach justification
According to Annex XI 1.5 read across can be used to replace testing when the similarity can be based on a common backbone and a common functional group. When using read across the result derived should be applicable for C&L and/or risk assessment and it should be presented with adequate and reliable documentation.
Analogue selection: For Fragarone Methacrylic acid was selected as an analogue for read-across because it shares the same backbone and the same functional group and information on ready biodegradability is available.
Structural similarities and differences: Fragarone and Methacrylic acid have the same methylated alkene backbone and both are acids. The only difference between the two substances is that Fragarone has a two C longer hydrocarbon backbone (2-pentene vs. 2-propene).
Bioavailability: Fragarone and Methyl acrylic are very water soluble, have low log Kow and a similar pKa. This means that both are bioavailable for micro-organism and will be dissociated at environmental pH.
Biodegradable structural features:BIOWIN (v4.10) is run to show the biodegradable fragments. Only the BIOWIN modules 5 (‘MITI-linear’) and 6 (‘MITI-non-linear’) are used because these two models are based on ready biodegradability tests, which is the endpoint to be predicted. In the table below the fragments are shown and it can be seen that the fragments are very similar. The number of the type of fragment can differ between the two.
Table: summary of BIOWIN predicted data for Fragarone and Methacrylic acid:
Common name |
|
Fragarone |
|
|
Methacrylic acid |
|
Fragment |
# |
BIOWIN 5 |
BIOWIN 6 |
# |
BIOWIN 5 |
BIOWIN 6 |
Aliphatic acid [-C(=O)-OH] |
1 |
0.1812 |
1.1346 |
1 |
0.1812 |
1.1346 |
Methyl [-CH3] |
2 |
0.0008 |
0.0389 |
1 |
0.0004 |
0.0194 |
-C=CH [alkenyl hydrogen] |
1 |
0.0062 |
0.0285 |
2 |
0.0124 |
0.0570 |
-CH2- [linear] |
1 |
0.0494 |
0.4295 |
- |
- |
- |
MW parameter |
- |
-0.3396 |
-3.2952 |
- |
-0.2561 |
-2.4853 |
Equation constant |
- |
0.7121 |
- |
- |
0.7121 |
- |
Overall score |
|
0.6101 |
0.7031 |
|
0.6500 |
0.7775 |
Uncertainty of the prediction: To further support the ready biodegradability, both Fragarone and Methacrylic acid are readily biodegradable according to BIOWIN 5 and 6.There are no remaining uncertainties other than those already addressed in the previous sections.
Conclusions for environmental fate
For Fragarone no biodegradation information is available. Methacrylic acid is used as an analogue.When using read across the result derived should be applicable for C&L and/or risk assessment and be presented with adequate and reliable documentation. This documentation is presented in the current document. Methacrylic acid is considered readily biodegradable and therefore also Fragarone is readily biodegradable.
Final conclusion: Fragarone is readily biodegradable.
Data matrix presenting the information relevant for read across of Fragarone from Methacrylic acid
Common name |
Fragarone |
Methacrylic acid |
|
Target |
Source |
Chemical name |
(E)-2-methylpent-2-en-1-oic acid |
2-methylprop-2-enoic acid |
Chemical structures |
||
CAS # |
16957-70-3 |
79-41-4 |
EC # |
241-026-4 |
201-204-4 |
Empirical formula |
C6H10O2 |
C4H6O2 |
SMILES |
O=C(C(=CCC)C)O |
CC(=C)C(O)=O |
Physico-chemical data |
|
|
Molecular weight |
114 |
86 |
Physical state |
Liquid |
Liquid |
Vp (Pa) |
1.63 |
97 |
Ws (mg/L) |
7858 |
98000 |
Log Kow |
1.9 |
0.93 |
pKa |
4.34 |
4.66 |
Fate and behaviour |
|
|
Biodegradation |
Based on read-across: Readily biodegradable |
Readily biodegradable (OECD TG 301D)
|
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.