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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 16 December 2009 to 17 February 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 216 (Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.21 (Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium carbonate
- EC Number:
- 207-439-9
- EC Name:
- Calcium carbonate
- Cas Number:
- 471-34-1
- Molecular formula:
- CH2O3.Ca
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium carbonate
- Test material form:
- solid: nanoform, no surface treatment
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Calcium carbonate (nano)
- Description: White powder
- Batch No.: GICM014427
- Expiry date: 31 July 2014
- Storage: Room temperature in the dark
The nano form of calcium carbonate was tested because this form was anticipated to represent the worst case as it is likely to be more soluble than the bulk form due to the smaller particle size and hence greater surface area.
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Uncoated nano CaCO3
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- APPLICATION OF TEST SUBSTANCE TO SOIL
- Method: The test item was mixed with quartz sand prior to dispersal in soil. An amount of test item (1000 mg) was mixed with dry quartz sand (10 g). The test item/sand combination and an amount of powdered Lucerne-green-grass-meal (5 g) was then added to a final bulk soil weight of 1000 g (dry weight) and thoroughly mixed. An aliquot (47 mL) of water was then added to give the required test concentration of 1000 mg/kg with a nominal moisture content of 40% of the Water Holding Capacity (WHC). The soil was then mixed again to ensure homogeneity prior to splitting into 18 replicates for incubation.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (inoculum):
- soil
Study design
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 21 ± 1 °C
- Moisture:
- The moisture content of the soil, expressed as a percentage of the dry weight, was determined to be 9%. The Water Holding Capacity (WHC) of the soil as supplied was 35.1 g/100g and hence 47 mL of deionised reverse osmosis water per 1.0 kg of soil was added. This gave a final water content of 13.3 g/100 g i.e. 40% of the WHC as recommended by the Test Guidelines.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (type, material, size): The soil samples were incubated in glass jars. The test vessels were covered with loosely fitted lids in order to minimise moisture loss by evaporation and maintained in a temperature controlled room at approximately 21 °C, in darkness.
- Amount of soil: 50 g (dry weight) of soil was used per vessel
- No. of replicates per concentration: 18 replicates
- No. of replicates per control: 9 replicates
SOIL INCUBATION
- Method: series of individual subsamples
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographical reference of sampling site (latitude, longitude): LUFA Speyer, Obere Langgasse 40, 67346 Speyer, Germany
- Vegetation cover: Uncultivated
- Treatments with pesticides or fertilizers: The sampling site had not been treated with crop protection products or organic fertiliser for at least 3 years prior to sampling.
- Depth of sampling: 20 cm
- Soil texture
- % sand: 61.9 ± 4.2%
- Soil classification system: Sandy loam
- pH (in water): 6.6 ± 0.5
- Initial nitrate concentration for nitrogen transformation test (mg nitrate/kg dry weight): 2.5 mg/100 g (ammonium <0.1 mg/100 g)
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weight): 35.1%
- Pretreatment of soil: None
- Initial microbial biomass as % of total organic C: 121 µg C/g (equivalent to 1.2% of the total soil organic carbon content)
DETAILS OF PREINCUBATION OF SOIL: Not applicable
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: On days 0, 7 and 28 triplicate control and six replicate test item vessels were sacrificed for nitrate analysis.
The contents of the test vessel were transferred to 500 mL polyethylene bottles and an aliquot (250 mL) of potassium chloride (0.1 M) added. The mixture was then shaken (150 rpm, 60 minutes) prior to removal of the aqueous phase by filtration (0.45 µm).
To an aliquot (35 mL) of acid mixture was added 5 mL of the particle free extract followed by 5 mL of 2,6-dimethylphenol solution. The mixture was thoroughly mixed and allowed to stand for 10 minutes prior to determination of the absorbance at 324 nm.
A calibration curve was prepared by measuring absorbance values at 324 nm of standard solutions of potassium nitrate at the following concentrations: 1.0, 5.0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg NO3- N/L. The standard solutions were treated in the same manner as the test samples. Linear regression analysis of the standard curve data produced an equation for the best-fit line into which the test sample extract absorbance values were substituted to determine the nitrate nitrogen concentration.
The concentration of nitrate (mg/L) in the test sample extracts was obtained by multiplying the nitrate nitrogen concentration (mg/L) by a factor of 4.427.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: Nominal concentrations: 100 and 1000 mg/kg
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The results showed no significant effect on nitrogen transformation activity. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration: 1000 mg/kg
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Details on results:
- Statistical analysis of the nitrate concentration values was carried out for the control and test item group using a Students t-test. The test item group was shown to have similar or not significantly different nitrate concentrations as the control group (P≥0.05). It was therefore considered that the test item exhibited no adverse effect on the nitrogen transformation rate.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: AbsorbanceReadingsand Nitrate Concentrations from the Definitive Test
Nominal Concentration (mg/kg soil) |
Day 0 |
Day 7 |
Day 28 |
||||
Absorbance* (324 nm) |
Nitrate Concentration (mg NO3/kg) |
Absorbance* (324 nm) |
Nitrate Concentration (mg NO3/kg) |
Absorbance* (324 nm) |
Nitrate Concentration (mg NO3/kg) |
||
Control |
R1 |
0.097 |
32.00 |
0.160 |
54.15 |
0.556 |
193.50 |
R2 |
0.144 |
48.55 |
0.147 |
49.60 |
0.512 |
178.05 |
|
R3 |
0.146 |
49.25 |
0.178 |
60.50 |
0.432 |
149.90 |
|
Mean |
- |
43.27 |
- |
54.75 |
- |
173.82 |
|
CV% |
- |
23 |
- |
10 |
- |
13 |
|
1000 |
R1 |
0.178 |
60.50 |
0.228 |
78.10 |
0.528 |
183.65 |
R2 |
0.171 |
58.05 |
0.225 |
77.05 |
0.440 |
152.70 |
|
R3 |
0.175 |
59.45 |
0.230 |
78.80 |
0.539 |
187.55 |
|
R4 |
0.184 |
62.60 |
0.222 |
76.00 |
0.488 |
169.60 |
|
R5 |
0.184 |
62.60 |
0.206 |
70.35 |
0.527 |
183.30 |
|
R6 |
0.204 |
69.65 |
0.246 |
84.40 |
0.521 |
181.20 |
|
Mean |
- |
62.14 |
- |
77.45 |
- |
176.33 |
|
CV% |
- |
7 |
- |
6 |
- |
7 |
* Corrected for blank absorbance value
R1-R6 = Replicates 1 to 6
CV = Coefficient of Variation
Table 2: Inhibition of Nitrogen Transformation Activity
Nominal Concentration (mg/kg soil) |
Day 7 |
Day 28 |
||
Nitrate Formation Rate (mg NO3/kg/d) |
% Inhibition |
Nitrate Formation Rate (mg NO3/kg/d) |
% Inhibition |
|
Control |
1.64 |
- |
4.66 |
- |
1000 |
2.19 |
[34] |
4.08 |
12 |
[Increase in nitrate concentration as compared to controls]
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The variation between replicate control nitrification rates was less than 15% and therefore satisfied the validation criterion given in the Test Guidelines.
- Conclusions:
- The effect of the calcium carbonate (nano) on the nitrogen transformation activity of soil microorganisms has been investigated over a 28-day period and gave an EC50 value of greater than 1000 mg/kg. Correspondingly the NOEC was 1000 mg/kg.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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