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EC number: 231-007-9 | CAS number: 7403-42-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 26 Mar - 03 May 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Consumer protection directorate, Notification authority for chemicals, Bern, Switzerland (16 Dec 2015)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All test concentrations and the control at the start of the test and at the end of the test (after 48 h). The samples from the nominal test concentration of 4.6 mg/L and 10 mg/L were not analyzed because this concentration was below the determined NOEC.
- Sampling method: Duplicate samples were taken from all test media.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Frozen at -20 ± 5 °C immediately after sampling. Pre-experiments found that the test item was stable under these storage conditions. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A stock solution of 100 mg/L was prepared by dissolving 100.01 mg test item in 1000 mL test water by intense stirring during 30 min at room temperature. The lower test item concentrations were prepared in a series of dilution steps just before the start of the test.
- Controls: yes, test medium control
- Evidence of undissolved material: All test media were clear solutions throughout the test period. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Feeding during test: none
- Food type: The green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus SAG or a mixture of this algal suspension and a commercial fish diet (Tetra Min® Hauptfutter; TETRA-Werke, Melle, Germany) were used.
- Others: At the start of the test, the organisms used in the test were 6-24 hours old and were not first brood progeny.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 2.5 mmol/L or 250 as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 21 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 7.9 (control)
7.7 - 7.9 (test item concentrations) - Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.4 - 8.7 mg/L (control)
8.3 - 8.6 mg/L (test item concentrations) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- control, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L (nominal)
control, not analyzed, not analyzed, 19, 38 and 88 mg/L (geometric mean) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel
- Type: open (covered with glass plates)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL glass beakers was filled with 50 mL test medium; 50 mL headspace
- Aeration: no aeration (test water was aerated prior to the start of the study until oxygen saturation was reached)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: test water (ISO test water) according to OECD guideline 202
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/L
- Culture medium different from test medium: no data
- Intervals of water quality measurement: start and end of the test medium renewal periods, the pH values, dissolved oxygen concentrations and water temperature were determined in each treatment. At the same observation dates, the appearance of the test media was visually controlled and documented at the same time.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light/8 h dark cycle and a 30 min transition period
- Light intensity: 15 - 17 μmol m-2 s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Immobilization after 24 and 48 h
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: control, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 0% immobilization in the control, 1.0 and 10 mg/L; 100% immobilization at 100 mg/L after 48 h - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 35 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits could not be determined
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC0/ NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 19 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 88 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Other biological observations: Beside immobility no other adverse effects (symptoms) were observed.
- Mortality of control: 0%
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No remarkable observations were made concerning the appearance of the test media. All test media were clear solutions throughout the test.
- Other: Biological and analytical results are summarized in the tables 1-3 within the section "Any other information on results incl. tables" - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Dose-response test: yes
- EC50 (24 h): 1.2 mg/L (sensitivity of the test organisms was within the range given by the guideline) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24 h and 48 h EC50 (and the 95 % confidence limits) were calculated by Weibull Analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using ToxRat Professional®. The 24 h and 48 h NOEC, EC0 and EC100 were determined directly from the raw data.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.
- Conclusions:
- The study was performed according to OECD 202, C.2 guideline and GLP. The EC50 (48 h) was calculated to be 35 mg/L based on the geometric mean measured concentration.
Reference
Table 1: Biological Results: Effect of test item on the Mobility of Daphnia magna
Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
No. of Daphnids Tested |
Immobilized Daphnids after 24 Hours |
Immobilized Daphnids after 48 Hours |
|||
Nominal |
Mean Measured |
|
No. |
[%] |
No. |
[%] |
Control |
Control |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4.6 |
n.a. |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
n.a |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
22 |
19 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
46 |
38 |
20 |
11 |
55 |
18 |
90 |
100 |
88 |
20 |
20 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
n.a.: Not analyzed since below the NOEC determined in this test.
Table 2: Analytical Results: Results for Test Samples
Sampling Day/Sample Age |
Nominal Concentration of Test Item cnom |
Measured Concentration of Test Item x |
Sample Preparation Factor F |
Determined Concentration of Test Item c |
% of Nominal Concentration |
[d/h] |
[mg/L] |
[mg/L] |
|
[mg/L] |
[%] |
0/0 |
Control |
n.d. |
2 |
< LOQ |
n.a. |
(fresh) |
22 |
11.1 |
2 |
22.2 |
101 |
|
46 |
22.8 |
2 |
45.7 |
99 |
|
100 |
49.7 |
2 |
99.4 |
99 |
2/48 |
Control |
n.d. |
2 |
< LOQ |
n.a. |
(aged) |
22 |
8.46 |
2 |
16.9 |
77 |
|
46 |
15.5 |
2 |
31.1 |
68 |
|
100 |
38.5 |
2 |
77.1 |
77 |
n.d. = no test item detected
n.a. = not applicable
LOQ: 0.6 mg/L
Table 3: Analytical Results Test item concetration nominal and actual
Nominal Test Item Concentration |
Measured Test Item Concentration at the Start (0 Hours) |
Measured Test Item Concentration at the End (48 Hours) |
Mean Measured Concentration of the Test Item (Geometric Mean) |
[mg/L] |
[mg/L] |
[mg/L] |
[mg/L] |
22 |
22.2 |
16.9 |
19 |
46 |
45.7 |
31.1 |
38 |
100 |
99.4 |
77.1 |
88 |
Table 4: Validity criteria
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
In the control, including the control containing the solubilising agent, not more that 10% of the daphnids should have been immobilized. |
0% |
yes |
The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be ≥ 3 mg/L in control and test vessels. |
8.3 - 8.5 mg/L |
yes |
Description of key information
EC50 (48 h): 35 mg/L (Daphnia magna, geometric mean measured concentrations, OECD 202)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 35 mg/L
Additional information
One experimental study is available investigating the short-term effects of the substance to aquatic invertebrates. The study was performed according to the OECD 202 (GLP) with the water flea Daphnia magna under static conditions. The nominal test item concentrations tested were 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L. The initial measured test item concentrations were in the range of 99 to 101% of the nominal values. Thus, the correct dosage of the test item was confirmed. A low decrease of the initial test item concentration was observed after the exposure period of 48 hours. For the aged samples the test item concentrations were in the range of 68 to 77% of the nominal values. Therefore, the mean measured test item concentrations over the test period of 48 hours were calculated as the geometric mean of all concentrations measured at the start and end of the test resulting in 19, 38 and 88 mg/L (the three highest nominal concentrations). Immobilisation of Daphnia magna was observed resulting in an EC50 (48 h) of 35 mg/L based on geometric mean measured concentrations.
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