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EC number: 946-253-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- No data available
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- The experiment conducted is presented concise but clear in the publication. Test results are well-documented and the different assays performed are described extensively.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Attenuation of benzoyl peroxide-mediated cutaneous oxidative stress and hyperproliferative response by the prophylactic treatment of mice with spearmint (Mentha spicata)
- Author:
- Saleem, Alam, Sultana
- Year:
- 2 000
- Bibliographic source:
- Food and Chemical Toxicoloy 38 (2000) 939-948
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Not relevant
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Female Swiss albino mice (8 weeks old) were housed under standard conditions with unlimited access to food and water. The dorsal skin was shaved at least 2 days before treatment with spearmint. Mice of approximately the same weight were randomly allocated to six groups of six mice each. Three groups were treated on the dorsal skin with benzoyl peroxide (free radical; BPO) in combination with different concentrations of spearmint as a profylaxe. BPO is used to induce oxidative stress and hyperproliferative stimulus in the skin (tumor promotion), while spearmint is assumed to be an inhibitor of these effects. One group was treated with acetone (control) and one with spearmint only. Mice pretreated with spearmint were injected with [3h]thymidine 16 hours after treatment and sacrificed by cervical dislocation 2 hours later. Mice not pretreated with spearmint were sacrificed after 16 hours without injection. The skin was removed quickly and processed for subcellular fractionation by the method of Raza et al. (1995). Several assays for primarily enzyme acitivity were performed accordingly to determine the degree of damage to the mouse skin induced by BPO.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Essential oil of Spearmint obtained from the aerial part of Mentha spicata and/or Mentha cardiaca (Lamiaceae) obtained by distillation
- EC Number:
- 946-253-9
- Molecular formula:
- Not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Essential oil of Spearmint obtained from the aerial part of Mentha spicata and/or Mentha cardiaca (Lamiaceae) obtained by distillation
- Test material form:
- solid - liquid: suspension
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Mentha spicata (spearmint)
- Substance type: Essential oil
- Physical state: Liquid
- Analytical purity: No data available
- Lot/batch No.: No data available
- Radiochemical purity (if radiolabelling): No data available
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): No data available
- Stability under test conditions: No data available
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- spearmint oil
Spearmint, ext. (Mentha spicata L.)
EC 283-656-2
CAS 84696-51-5
Oil of spearmint - Native type
Oil of spearmint - Indian type
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
In all assays the treatment of mice with spearmint alone showed a non-significant difference as compared to the control group. Enzyme activities and reduced glutathion were upregulated, while ODC activity, DNA synthesis, lipid peroxidation and the hydrogen peroxide concentration were downregulated. The pretreatment of mice in combination with BPO treatment showed a dose-related reduction of the damage caused by BPO. An overview of the effects is presented in the table below:
Results of the assays performed (+ = upregulation, - = downregulation, 0 = control, +/- = no difference) | ||||||||||
Treatment group | Reduced glutathione | Glutathione S-transferase | Glutathione reductase | Catalase | Gluthatione peroxidase | Glucose 6-phosphatase dehydrogenase | ODC activity induction | DNA synthesis | Lipid peroxidation | Hydrogen peroxide |
Acetone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Spearmint alone | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - |
BPO only | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | + |
Low dose spearmint + BPO | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | + |
Medium dose spearmint + BPO | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | + |
High dose spearmint + BPO | +/- | - | - | - | +/- | - | + | + | +/- | + |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Treatment of mice skin with Mentha spicata showed to downregulate, hydrogen peroxide concentration, ODC activity, DNA synthesis and lipid peroxidation in processed tissue. Additionally, it was shown that the glutathion concentration and the activity of glutathion S-transferase, glutathion reductase, catalase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathion peroxidase was upregulated. Spearmint may be a dose-related chemopreventive agent and may offer protection against BPO-mediated cutaneous toxicity in mice.
- Executive summary:
Female Swiss albino mice (8 weeks old) were housed under standard conditions with unlimited access to food and water. The dorsal skin was shaved at least 2 days before treatment with spearmint. Mice of approximately the same weight were randomly allocated to six groups of six mice each. Three groups were treated on the dorsal skin with benzoyl peroxide (free radical; BPO) in combination with different concentrations of spearmint as a profylaxe. BPO is used to induce oxidative stress and hyperproliferative stimulus in the skin (tumor promotion), while spearmint is assumed to be an inhibitor of these effects. One group was treated with acetone (control) and one with spearmint only. Mice pretreated with spearmint were injected with [3h]thymidine 16 hours after treatment and sacrificed by cervical dislocation 2 hours later. Mice not pretreated with spearmint were sacrificed after 16 hours without injection. The skin was removed quickly and processed for subcellular fractionation by the method of Raza et al. (1995). Several assays for primarily enzyme acitivity were performed accordingly to determine the degree of damage to the mouse skin induced by BPO.
In all assays the treatment of mice with spearmint alone showed a non-significant difference as compared to the control group. This is illustrated by the fact that mouse Mentha spicata showed to downregulate, hydrogen peroxide concentration, ODC activity, DNA synthesis and lipid peroxidation in processed tissue. Additionally, it was shown that the glutathion concentration and glutathion S-transferase, glutathion reductase, catalase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathion peroxidase activity was upregulated. Spearmint may be a dose-related chemopreventive agent and may offer protection against BPO-mediated cutaneous toxicity in mice.
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