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EC number: 231-596-2 | CAS number: 7647-10-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Conducted prior to standard OECD/EU test guidelines and GLP. While there is somewhat limited reporting of methods and results, the study appears scientifically acceptable.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Studies on the evaluation of the toxicity of various salts of lead, manganese, platinum and palladium
- Author:
- Holbrook DJ, Washington ME, Leake HB and Brubaker PE
- Year:
- 1 975
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental Health Perspectives 10, 95-101
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In the lethal dose experiments, male Sprague-Dawley rats received the tested palladium salt by gavage and were observed through a 14-day period. The LD50 values were calculated by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon. The exact dosing strategy is unclear and no details on pathological assessment are given.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- (prior to GLP)
- Test type:
- other: No data
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Palladium dichloride dihydrate
- IUPAC Name:
- Palladium dichloride dihydrate
- Reference substance name:
- Palladium dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-596-2
- EC Name:
- Palladium dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7647-10-1
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2Pd
- IUPAC Name:
- palladium dichloride
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): PdCl2.2(H2O)
- Substance type: No data
- Physical state: No data
- Analytical purity: No data
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: No data
- Isomers composition: No data
- Purity test date: No data
- Lot/batch No.: No data
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: No data
- Stability under test conditions: No data
- Storage condition of test material: No data
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: No data
- Age at study initiation: 4-5 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 100-110 g
- Fasting period before study: No data
- Housing: No data
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Presumably ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Presumably ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 1-1.5 weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): No data
- Humidity (%): No data
- Air changes (per hr): No data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): No data
IN-LIFE DATES: No data
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- No data
- Doses:
- No data
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- No data
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: No data
- Necropsy of survivors performed: No data
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight,organ weights, histopathology, other: No data - Statistics:
- The LD50 values were calculated by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 576 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 469 - <= 725
- Remarks on result:
- other: Evaluated by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon. The equivalent LD50 for palladium dichloride (anhydrous) is around 479 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 390 - 603 mg/kg bw).
- Mortality:
- Palladium salts often kill 4-10 days after administration. An LD50 of 2.7 mmol/kg bw (95% CL: 2.2-3.4 mmol/kg bw), using a molecular weight of approximately 213.34 g/mol, equates to 576.0 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 469.3-725.4 mg/kg bw). The equivalent LD50 for palladium dichloride (anhydrous) is 478.8 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 390.1 - 602.9 mg/kg bw), using amolecular weight of approximately 177.33 g/mol.
- Clinical signs:
- No data
- Body weight:
- No data
- Gross pathology:
- No data
- Other findings:
- No data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Toxicity Category IV
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- In an early acute oral toxicity study, an LD50 value of approximately 576 mg/kg bw was reported in male rats gavaged with palladium dichloride dihydrate, and observed for up to 14 days. The analogous palladium dichloride LD50 is approximately 479 mg/kg bw.
- Executive summary:
In an early acute oral toxicity study, groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered palladium dichloride dihydrate by stomach tube and observed for 14 days. Using the prescribed statistical method, the acute oral median lethal dose (LD50) was found to be approximately 576 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 479 - 725 mg/kg bw). The analogous palladium dichloride LD50 is approximately 479 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 390 - 603 mg/kg bw).
Based on the results of this study, palladium dichloride should be classified for acute oral toxicity (category 4) according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
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