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EC number: 202-851-5 | CAS number: 100-42-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented study report meeting basic scientific principles.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- European risk assessment report, Styrene CAS No. 100-42-5, EINECS No. 202-851-5, Draft for submission to SCHER, November 2007.
- Author:
- European Union
- Year:
- 2 007
- Bibliographic source:
- European risk assessment report, Styrene CAS No. 100-42-5, EINECS No. 202-851-5, Draft for submission to SCHER, November 2007.
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Mice were dosed orally with styrene, daily, for five consecutive days. 24 hours after the last dose, animals were killed and the lung examined microscopically and the cell replication (BrdU incorporation) determined in this tissue.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Styrene
- EC Number:
- 202-851-5
- EC Name:
- Styrene
- Cas Number:
- 100-42-5
- Molecular formula:
- C8H8
- IUPAC Name:
- ethenylbenzene
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): styrene, Sigma Aldrich
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: 99%, stabilised with 10 - 15 ppm 4-tert-butylcatechol
- Storage condition of test material: stored at 4 °C
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CD-1
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River, Margate, Kent
- Weight at study initiation: 22 - 27 g
- Diet: certified CT1 diet, ad libitum
- Water: mains water, ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19 - 23
- Humidity (%): 40 - 70
- Air changes (per hr): 25 - 30
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- coconut oil
- Details on oral exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
VEHICLE
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 10 mL/kg - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single dose
- Frequency of treatment:
- 5 doses on five consecutive days
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
10, 100 and 200 mg/kg
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Body weight and clinical signs.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- Macroscopical and microscopical examination of the lung.
- Other examinations:
- Three days prior to sacrifice each animal was fitted with an osmotic pump containing 200 µL 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in order to quantify pulmonar cell replication. 500 cells were counted for each compartment of the lung.
- Statistics:
- Two-sided student's t-test
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 10 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- clinical signs
- gross pathology
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Two mice in the control group died.
Bodyweight gains and clinical signs in animals dosed with styrene were normal and comparable to those in the control group.
There were no treatment-related macroscopic findings at any dose. Microscopically there were no effects observed in mice dosed with 10 or 100 mg/kg. In mice, dosed 200 mg/kg, 3/10 animals exhibited minimal to slight focal crowding of non-ciliated cells (Clara cells) in the epithelium of the terminal bronchiole. There was no evidence of either cellular necrosis or damage.
There was no evidence of an increase in cell replication in the large bronchioles or alveolar regions of animals at any dose level, nor in the terminal bronchioles of animals administered 10 mg/kg/day styrene. However, in animals administered 100 or 200 mg/kg/day styrene there was a statistically significant and dose dependent increase in the frequency of S-phase cells in the terminal bronchioles, with levels being increased up to 5-fold in top dose animals compared with controls.
Dose [mg/kg] |
Labelling index in terminal bronchiole |
0 |
1.8 ± 0.9 |
10 |
1.1 ± 0.5 |
100 |
3.8 ± 2.5 |
200 |
9.9 ± 2.7 |
During inhalation exposure the cell type which is morphologically affected and the one which undergoes increasedcell devision appears to be the non-ciliated Clara cell. The same target cell and virtual identical response is seen after oral dosing with styrene.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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