Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 931-584-3 | CAS number: 66071-92-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - workers
Black liquor is registered as a transported isolated intermediate and is manufactured and consumed under strictly controlled conditions during its whole life cycle. The estimation of systemic and local effects and derivation of DN(M)ELs is required for the chemical safety assessment (CSA) of substances manufactured/imported/used in quantities from 10 t/y onwards. CSA does not need to be performed for transported isolated intermediates.
Only few published investigations of the toxicity of Black liquor were available according to a literature search.Tthe toxicological information is based on the Key studies of a representative sample of Black liquor, conducted by Seibersdorf Labor GLP laboratory during 2009 -2010, and on the information on the maximum expected concentrations of the identified main components in Black liquor holding a harmonised classification.
Acute toxity, oral:
In the Key study for Acute oral toxicity in rats exposed to Black liquor (EC440/2008, B.1), no toxic effects of the test substance were noted by signs in life and post mortem at the dose of 2000 mg test substance per kg body weight. No mortality occurred. As no animals died, LD50oral was determined to be >2000 mg/kg (wwt.) body weight. Based on the guidance given in OECD guideline 423 (annex 2c), the LD50oral can be estimated to be > 2635 mg/kg (dwt.) body weight (>5000 mg/kg (wwt.) body weight, the tested sample contained 47.3 % water/52.7% dry solids).
Determination of pH and alkaline reserve:
The pH of a 10 % (w/w) aqueous solution of Black liquor was 12.35 which is higher than 11.5, and thus the alkaline reserve was determined. The pH + 1/12 alkaline reserve was 12.60, which is below the threshold of 14.5 for classification as corrosive and the pH + 1/6 alkaline reserve was 13.04 which is above the threshold of 13 for classification as irritant.
Skin irritation/corrosion:
Skin corrosion and irritation tests have been conducted to Black liquor in vitro (EC 440/2008, B.40 BIS).
Epiderm Skin Corrosivity Test, Experiment A.
Assay acceptance criteria according to the protocol INVITTOX n°119 by ECVAM:
-The mean percentage viability of the treated skin discs after 3 minutes of exposure was 94.5 % which is above the threshold of 50 % for classification.
- The mean percentage viability of the treated skin discs after 1 hour of exposure was 40.6 % which is above the threshold of 15 % for classification.
Epiderm Skin Corrosivity Test, Experiment B.
Assay acceptance criteria according to the protocol INVITTOX n°119 by ECVAM:
-The mean percentage viability of the treated skin discs after 3 minutes of exposure was 92.6 % which is above the threshold of 50 % for classification.
-The mean percentage viability of the treated skin discs after 1 hour of exposure was 30.7 % which is above the threshold of 15 % for classification.
To summarize the results on skin irritaition/corrosion, Black liquor shall be considered as irritant but non-corrosive according to the Test guideline (EC 440/2008, B.40 BIS).
Eye Irritation:
Eye irritation was tested according to the OECD 437 BCOP test (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants). According to the test results the IVIS of Black liquor was 268.2 and an important increase in opacity as well as in permeability was observed. Thus Black liquor is regarded to be an ocular corrosive or severe irritant. According to the results of this study and the Directive 2001/59/EC for classification, the test substance "Black liquor" needs to be labelled as R41 (EU DSD), Category 1 (GHS/CLP).
Genetic toxicity in vitro:
According to the bacterial mutagenicity test results (Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium) with and without metabolic activation, Black liquor did not show any mutagenic activity. A corresponding finding was obtained in a supporting study ragarding mutagenic properties with Spent pulpin liquors.
Other:
Some accidental incidences caused by Black liquor have been described.In these cases a combination of alkali/thermal burns resulting in hazardous effects on skin and eyes were detected.
According to the article Black liquor (pH 11-13) is used typically at a temperature of 85-95 ºC placing workers at risk to a combination of thermal and chemical burn.General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - General Population
Black liquor is registered as a transported isolated intermediate and is manufactured and consumed under strictly controlled conditions during its whole life cycle. The systemic and local effects and derivation of DN(M)ELs is required for the chemical safety assessment (CSA) of substances manufactured/imported/used in quantities from 10 t/y onwards. CSA does not need to be performed for transported isolated intermediates.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.