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EC number: 219-283-9 | CAS number: 2402-79-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Hydrolysis
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- hydrolysis
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 16 January 1991 to 19 February 1992
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with only minor deviations from standard test guidelines.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 992
- Report date:
- 1992
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Details of buffer solutions not specified.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,3,5,6-tetrachloropyridine
- EC Number:
- 219-283-9
- EC Name:
- 2,3,5,6-tetrachloropyridine
- Cas Number:
- 2402-79-1
- Molecular formula:
- C5HCl4N
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,3,5,6-tetrachloropyridine
- Details on test material:
- Lot number WP900914-748 of purity = 98.6%
Constituent 1
Study design
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- All hydrolysis reaction mixtures were prepared under aseptic conditions. Glassware, reaction vessels and septa were sterilised by autoclaving for 30 minutes at 121 deg C. All buffers were prepared at 0.1 M and fliter sterilised (0.2 µm). Duplicate vials were sacrificed at regular time intervals for extraction and analysis. Samples were extracted for 30 minutes with an equal volume of cyclohexane. Extraction efficiency was determined to be 100%. Samples were analysed as previously described.
- Buffers:
- Not specified.
- Details on test conditions:
- Preliminary experiments were conducted to examine the effect of pH on hydrolysis. Initial hydrolysis studies were performed for 5 days at 50.0 ± 0.1 °C using sterile, buffered aqueous solutions at a pH of 4, 7 and 9. All samples were incubated in the dark. Subsequent hydrolysis studies were run at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C and 40.0 ± 0.1 °C for 31 days over the same pH range from 4 to 9. Buffers were prepared following OECD guidelines using biphthalate, phosphate, and borate (5).
Hydrolysis mixtures for the long-term (31 days) studies were prepared in sealed reaction vessels. Reaction mixtures were constructed by filling 10 mL serum vials with 10 mL of an aqueous buffer solution. The test solutions were spiked with the test material at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The serum vials were sealed with Teflon®-coated, butyl rubber septa and aluminum crimp seals.
All hydrolysis reaction mixtures were prepared under aseptic conditions. Glassware, reaction. vessels and septa were sterilized by autoclaving for 30 min at 121 °C. All buffers were prepared at 0.1 M and filter sterilized (0.2 pm.). Duplicate vials were sacrificed at regular time intervals for extraction and analysis. Samples were extracted for 30 min with an equal volume of cyclohexane. Extraction efficiency was determined to be 100 %. Samples were analyzed as previously described.
Additional studies were conducted to identify the products of hydrolysis. To ensure the recovery of both parent and degradation products, all reactions were set in sealed glass ampules at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Parent and degradation products were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a YMC-Basic® column coupled to a UV detector. The mobile phase was 60:40 acetonitrile:water with 0.1 % phosphoric acid delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.
Duration of testopen allclose all
Results and discussion
- Transformation products:
- not measured
- Details on hydrolysis and appearance of transformation product(s):
- The hydrolysis of Sym-Tet, as determined according to OECD method 111, was negligible after 5 days at 50 °C at a pH of either 4 or 7. Hydrolysis was only noted at pH 9 where a loss of 18 % of the parent compound was observed (data not shown). However, this loss may not have been due to hydrolysis, since the predicted hydrolysis product, trichloropyridinol, was not detected. Additional hydrolysis reactions were set in sealed glass ampules to facilitate mass balance recovery. All reactions were prepared at a pH of 9 and incubated for 10 days at 70°C. Prior to sample analysis, the test vessels were rinsed twice with an equal volume of acetonitrile to eliminate the possibility of test material losses due to adsorption. Acetonitrile washes were combined with the aqueous samples for HPLC analysis. After 10 days, Syrn-Tet recovery was > 98 %, and no trichloropyridinol was detected. The results from these studies demonstrated that 'Sym-Tet was hydrolytically stable at all three pHs up to 70 °C.
- Details on results:
- The results of the hydrolysis experiments demonstrated that Sym-Tet was hydrolytically stable over a pH ranging from 4 to 9 and at elevated temperatures (> 50°C). In general, halogenated, aromatic hydrocarbons belong to a class of organic functional groups that have been reported to be resistant to hydrolysis. Mechanistically, the chlorine substituents of Sym-Tet are not easily displaced due to electron resonance stabilization by the aromatic pyridine ring. Based on the results of this study, Sym-Tet would be hydrolytically stable under environmental conditions.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The results of the hydrolysis experiments demonstrated that Sym-Tet was hydrolytically stable over a pH ranging from 4 to 9 and at elevated temperatures (> 50°C). Based on the results of this study, Sym-Tet would be hydrolytically stable under environmental conditions.
- Executive summary:
The hydrolysis of Sym-Tet, as determined according to OECD method 111, was negligible after 5 days at 50 °C at a pH of either 4 or 7. Hydrolysis was only noted atpH 9 where a loss of 18 % of the parent compound was observed (data not shown).However, this loss may not have been due to hydrolysis, since the predicted hydrolysis product, trichloropyridinol, was not detected. Additional hydrolysis reactions were set in sealed glass ampules to facilitate mass balance recovery. All reactions were prepared at a pH of 9 and incubated for 10 days at 70°C. Prior to sample analysis, the test vessels were rinsed twice with an equal volume of acetonitrile to eliminate the possibility of test material losses due to adsorption. Acetonitrile washes were combined with the aqueous samples for HPLC analysis. After 10 days, Sym-Tet recovery was > 98 %, and no trichloropyridinol was detected. The results from these studies demonstrated that Sym-Tet was hydrolytically stable at all three pHs up to 70 °C.
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