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EC number: 215-716-0 | CAS number: 1345-07-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2005
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No GLP, according to OECD
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Oral Toxicity of Bismuth in Rat: Single and 28-Day repeated Administration Studies
- Author:
- Yuri Sano, Hirochi Satoh, Momoko Chiba, Masahide Okamoto, Koji Serizawa, Hiroshi Nakashima and Kazuyiki Omae
- Year:
- 2 005
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Occupational Health
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Chemical Substances Control Law (1986)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Bismuth
- EC Number:
- 231-177-4
- EC Name:
- Bismuth
- Cas Number:
- 7440-69-9
- Molecular formula:
- Bi
- IUPAC Name:
- bismuth(3+)
- Test material form:
- not specified
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Crj: CD(SD)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Test animals:
-Crj: CD(SD) IGS rats (SPF) 36 female rats for the 28-d repeated oral dose toxicity study from Charles River Japan, Inc.
Age of animals: 5 weeks old
-Body weight range at starting of administration: 128-154g, 154-176g and 128-147g, repectively
- Diet: Pellet diet (MF, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.)
- Water: ad libitum, tap water irradiated by UV rays after passing through a 5µm filter
- Acclimatisation time: 7 days quarantine and acclimatization period
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 2 °C
- Humidity (%): 55 % ± 15%
- Air changes (per hr): about 12 air exchanges/hour
- Lighting for 12 hours per day (7:00 to 19:00)
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Details on oral exposure:
- Prior to the 28-d oral toxicity study, a preliminary dose-finding study entitled "A Fourteen-Day Repeated Oral Toxicity Preliminary Study in Rats"
(dose Ievels: 0, I 00, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg; number of animals, 3 males and 3 females per group) and found no changes attributable to the test
substance in clinical signs, body weights, hematology, organ weights (brain, thymus, liver, kidney, adrenal glands, spieen, testis, and ovary),
on necropsy. On account of these findings, the highest dose Ievel was set at 1,000 rrig/kg, and the medium and lower dose Ievels were set at 200 and 40 mg/kg, respectively.
Thereafter, oral administration (gavage) was performed once a day in the morning throughout the 28-d dosing period according to the Chemical
Substances Control Law ( 1986), to 6 rats of each sex in the 200 and 40 mg/kg groups and to 12 rats of each sex in the control and 1,000
mg/kg groups. The dosing volume (10 ml/kg) for individual animals was calculated based upon the mostrecent body weight. Moreover, 6 rats in the control and 1,000 mg/kg groups were given to a 14-d recovery period after the completion of the dosing period. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 28 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
40, 200 and 1,000 mg/kg
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 6 rats of each sex in the 200 and 40 mg/kg groups and 12 rats of each sex 1,000 mg/kg groups
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- Testing Procedure
Prior to the 28-d oral toxicity study, we conducted a preliminary dose-finding study entitled "A Fourteen-Day Repeated Oral Toxicity Preliminary
Study in Rats" (dose Ievels: 0, I 00, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg; number of animals, 3 males and 3 females per group) and found no changes
attributable to the test substance in clinical signs, body weights, hematology, organ weights (brain, thymus, liver kidney, adrenal glands, spieen,
testis, and ovary), on necropsy. On account of these findings, the highest dose Ievel was set at 1,000 mg/kg, and the medium and lower dose Ievels were set at 200 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Thereafter, oral administration (gavage) was performed once a day in the morning throughout the 28-d dosing period according to the Chemical Substances Control Law ( 1986), to 6 rats of each sex in the 200 and 40 mg/kg groups and to 12 rats of
each sex in the control and 1,000mg/kg groups. The dosing volume (10 ml/kg) for individual animals was calculated based upon the most recent
body weight. Moreover, 6 rats in the control and 1,000 mg/kg groups were given to a 14-d recovery period after the completion of the dosing
period. - Positive control:
- not required
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- For the 28-d repeated-dose toxicity study, the parameters described below were examined. Clinical signs, body weight, andfood consumption:
Clinical signs of the animals were observed four times on the dose day and thereafter once a day in the acute oral toxicity study, and twice a day
(before and after administration) throughout the dosing period, and once a day in the morning during the recovery period in the 28-d repeated-
dose toxicity study. The body weightof all animals and the gross weights of the feeders were measured before dosing and on days 4, 8, and 15 (the day of administrationwas designed as day 1) in the acute oral toxicity study, and once a week in the 28-d repeateddose toxicity study.
Hematology and blood chemistry:
On days of the scheduled necropsy, the animals were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium thiopental
(Ravonal, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd.). Thereafter, blood samples were collected via the posterior vena cava. For hematology, we measured the
erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit value (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin
(MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), reticulocyte count, p1 atdet~.:uu nt (PLT), prulhrumbiu time (PT), aclivated partial
thromboplastin time (APTT), leukocyte count (WBC), and differential leukocyte count. For blood chemistry, we used the obtained serum samples to
measure the aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), y-glutamyltransferase (y G T), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),
total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, calcium, inorganic
phosphorus, sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl). Urinalysis: Fresh urine samples from s ix males and six females in each group were
collected on day 27, and the following test items were measured: pH, protein, glucose, ketone bodies, bilirubin, occult blood, urobilinogen.
No changes attributed to bismuth were found in the examinations during the dosing period. Therefore, examinations were not conducted during the recovery period.
Pathological and histopathological examination:
After the blood sampling, all animals were sacrificed by exsanguinat ion via the abdominal aorta and then subjected to necropsy. The fol lowing
organs of all animals were weighed: brain, liver, kidney, adrenal glands g land, thymus, spieen, testis, and ovary. Relativeorgan weights were
calculated from body weights on each necropsy day. Histopathological examination was performed on the heart, liver, spieen, kidneys, and
adrenals obtained from the animals of the control and I ,000 mg/kg groups, and on gross lesions of any group. The hematoxylin and eosin
staining specimens were prepared according to the standard procedure and then microscopically examined. No -changes attributed to bismuth
were found. Therefore, histopathological examination of argans and tissues except for gross lesions in the animals of the recovery group was not
conducted.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- no effects observed
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- There were no changes in clinical signs , body we ights, foodconsumption, hematology, urinalysis, organ weights, necropsy, or histopathological
findings in the 28-d repeated oral dose toxicity study. As a result of these findings, we determined the no-observed-effect Ievel (NOEL) of bismuth to be 1000 mg/kg for males and females and calculated on dibismuth trisulphide the no-observed-effect Ievel (NOEL) was 2460 mg/kg for males and females.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- 1 230 other: mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- other: calculated for dibismuth trisulfide
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- 1 000 other: mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The NOEL for bismuth was determined to be 1000 mg/kg bw for males and females. Since bismuth and dibismuth trisulfide are both almost insoluble inorganic compounds and exhibite comparable properties the results from bismuth were used used via read-across as supporting data. The calculated LD50 for dibismuth trisulfide is above 1230 mg/kg bw.
- Executive summary:
There were no changes in clinical signs , body weights, food consumption, hematology, urinalysis, organ weights, necropsy, or histopathological findings in the 28-d repeated oral dose toxicity study with bismuth. As a result of these findings, the NOEL for bismuth was determined to be 1000 mg/kg for males and females. Since bismuth and dibismuth trisulfide are both almost insoluble inorganic compounds and exhibite comparable properties the results from bismuth were used used via read-across as supporting data. The calculated LD50 for dibismuth trisulfide is above 1230 mg/kg bw.
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