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EC number: 401-540-3 | CAS number: 84632-65-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1986-01-23, 1986-01-24
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP guideline study according to OECD Guideline 202 without analytical monitoring; determination of test after 24 h
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1981
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Test duration was 24 h instead of 48 h.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: 50 mg test substance and 2 mg Alkylbenzenesulphonate were mixed with water and made up to 500 mI with water in order to prepare the stock solution. Calculated amounts of the stock solution were given into the water and homogeneously distributed to produce the desired test concentrations.
- Controls: Blank and vehicle control containing reconstituted water according to guideline
- Chemical name of vehicle: Alkylbenzenesulphonate
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: 4 mg/L in the highest concentration of 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Evidence of undissolved material: yes, initially the test substance appeared homogeneously distributed at all test concentrations. A deposit was
observed after 24h of exposure. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Facilities, Basel, Switzerland
- Age at study initiation: 0 - 24 h
- Method of breeding: Parthenogenetic; Feeding: Suspension of green algae supplemented by trout chow and/or powder milk and/or yeast; in such quantities that food was consumed after 24 hours
- Pretreatment: 24 hours before the start of the test reproductive daphnia are separated from the young by sieving through a 800 micrometer sieve. This operation is repeated immediately before the start and the young daphnia (0 - 24 h old) are retained for the test.
- Feeding during test: None - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Hardness:
- 240 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.9 - 8.3 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 10; 18; 32; 58 and 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 20 mL test tubes, covered with steel caps (10 mL solution), no aeration during the test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: According to guideline
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h/d
- Light intensity: 2000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Immobilization
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: ca. 1.8 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: No toxic effects occur within the range of solubility.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: No toxic effects occur within the range of solubility.
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: No toxic effects occur within the range of solubility.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In an acute dahpnia toxicity study, the substance did not cause any immobilisation up to the nominal test concetration of 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the test substance on Daphnia magna similar to OECD TG 202.
Daphnia were exposed to aqueous test media containing the test item at nominal concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 58 and 100 mg/L for 24 hours. Concurrent negative and vehicle (alkylbenzenesulphonate) control groups were also tested.
A static test was performed preparing the concentrations from a stock solution. Precipitated test item was observed after 24 hours. Test item concentration were not measured analytically.
The daphnia were observed at 24 hours for immobilisation.
All validity criteria were met. Immobilisation was not observed either in the treated or in the control groups.The 24-h LC0values was determined to be 100 mg/L; the LC50 and LC100values were determined to be > 100 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1986-01-23, 1986-01-24
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP guideline study according to OECD Guideline 202 without analytical monitoring; determination of test after 24 h
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The read-across is performed between two forms of the same substance. The identities of the two forms are describe below.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
The source form is 3,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-1,4-dione (EC-no. 401-540-3), referred to here as PR254. PR254 is an organic mono-constituent substance with a typical purity of > 99.5% (w/w). It does not contain any impurity relevant for classification or labelling of the substance. The target form is the nanoform of the source substance, referred to here as PR254 nanoform. As the source form, it has a typical purity of > 99.5% (w/w) and it does not contain any impurity relevant for classification or labelling of the substance. The PR254 nanoform is spheroidal with a pure polyhedral shape and is not surface-treated.
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
The two analogue forms have the same structure. Under ambient atmosphere, the specific surface energy of particles increases with decreasing particle size. Therefore, particle aggregate to reach an energy minimum. The driving forces are hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces (π-π interaction). Substantial energy is required to disperse the PR254 nanoform aggregates to particles that fall under the nanoform definition.
PR254 was been tested extensively addressing information requirements of Annexes VII to IX without identifying any biological target. PR254 nanoform could potentially have biological targets due to the different particle size distribution, which would require processes capable of dispersing the aggregates, e.g. in aqueous milieu. However, both forms have been tested according to OECD Test Guideline 318, demonstrating that PR254 nanoform cannot be dispersed under the condition of the study, i.e. immediately after sonification re-forms aggregates. Also, PR254 aggregates to a large extent, but can be more easily dispersed than the nanoform. The experiments demonstrated that exposure in aqueous milieu will be primarily to aggregates, regardless of the PR254 form.
Therefore, it is concluded that both forms will behave identically in studies, in which they are applied under atmospheric conditions and/or in aqueous milieus, so that for the PR254 nano-form no specific biological targets need to be considered.
As both forms form non-dispersible aggregates in aqueous milieu, read-across of aquatic toxicity studies from the source to the target form is scientifically justified.
4. DATA MATRIX
The data matrix is included as Annex 1 in the assessment report ‘PR254 bulk nano analogue approach 210111’ attached here below under ‘Attached justification’. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1981
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Test duration was 24 h instead of 48 h.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: 50 mg test substance and 2 mg Alkylbenzenesulphonate were mixed with water and made up to 500 mI with water in order to prepare the stock solution. Calculated amounts of the stock solution were given into the water and homogeneously distributed to produce the desired test concentrations.
- Controls: Blank and vehicle control containing reconstituted water according to guideline
- Chemical name of vehicle: Alkylbenzenesulphonate
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: 4 mg/L in the highest concentration of 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Evidence of undissolved material: yes, initially the test substance appeared homogeneously distributed at all test concentrations. A deposit was
observed after 24h of exposure. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Facilities, Basel, Switzerland
- Age at study initiation: 0 - 24 h
- Method of breeding: Parthenogenetic; Feeding: Suspension of green algae supplemented by trout chow and/or powder milk and/or yeast; in such quantities that food was consumed after 24 hours
- Pretreatment: 24 hours before the start of the test reproductive daphnia are separated from the young by sieving through a 800 micrometer sieve. This operation is repeated immediately before the start and the young daphnia (0 - 24 h old) are retained for the test.
- Feeding during test: None - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Hardness:
- 240 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.9 - 8.3 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 10; 18; 32; 58 and 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 20 mL test tubes, covered with steel caps (10 mL solution), no aeration during the test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: According to guideline
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h/d
- Light intensity: 2000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Immobilization
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: ca. 1.8 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: No toxic effects occur within the range of solubility.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: No toxic effects occur within the range of solubility.
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: No toxic effects occur within the range of solubility.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In an acute dahpnia toxicity study, the substance did not cause any immobilisation up to the nominal test concetration of 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the test substance on Daphnia magna similar to OECD TG 202.
Daphnia were exposed to aqueous test media containing the test item at nominal concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 58 and 100 mg/L for 24 hours. Concurrent negative and vehicle (alkylbenzenesulphonate) control groups were also tested.
A static test was performed preparing the concentrations from a stock solution. Precipitated test item was observed after 24 hours. Test item concentration were not measured analytically.
The daphnia were observed at 24 hours for immobilisation.
All validity criteria were met. Immobilisation was not observed either in the treated or in the control groups.The 24-h LC0values was determined to be 100 mg/L; the LC50 and LC100values were determined to be > 100 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Immobilization
Nominal concentrations (mg/L) | Immobilization after 24 h | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | total | % | |
Blank | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vehicle | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Table 1. Immobilization
Nominal concentrations (mg/L) | Immobilization after 24 h | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | total | % | |
Blank | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vehicle | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Description of key information
In an acute dahpnia toxicity study, the substance did not cause any immobilisation up to the nominal test concetration of 100 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
As no effect were observed up to 100 mg/L, no key value for risk assessment is reported.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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