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EC number: 231-786-5 | CAS number: 7727-54-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1992-01-14 to 1992-01-24
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- ,modified to marine conditions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- NA
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test media were prepared using a stock solution in ISO-medium. For this purpose the test substance was added quantitatively to obtain a concentration of 2000 mg/L. From this stock solution the required volumes for preparation of the test concentrations were added to ISO-medium. The final volume of the test solutions was 100 mL. At the start of the test all test solutions were clear.
- Test organisms (species):
- Phaeodactylum tricornutum
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Phaeodactylum tricornutum
- Strain: CCAD 1052/1A
- Source: no information available
- Age of inoculum: four days
- Method of cultivation: no information available´
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no information available - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- NA
- Hardness:
- NA
- Test temperature:
- 19.5 - 24.5 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 9.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- NA
- Salinity:
- NA
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 3.2; 10; 32, 100, 320; 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- Test type: static;
Test vessels: 250 mL, all-glass
Medium: ISO-medium formulated according to the International Standards "Water quality - Marine algal growth inhibition test" with Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum October 1988 (formulated using synthetic seawater, prepared with Milli-Q water, in such way that precipitation does not occur). Composition of ISO-medium see sect. "Any other information on materials and methods incl..."
Milli-Q water: Tap water purified by reverse osmosis and subsequently passed over activated carbon and ion exchange cartridges (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA)
Cell density: Using a four-day old preculture with a cell density of 16.5E05 cells/mL, cell suspensions of 2E04 cells/mL were prepared. Of these suspensions 55 mL was mixed with 55 mL of the test solutions resulting in an initial cell density of 1E04 cells/mL.
Test duration: 72 hours
Illumination: continuously using TLD-lamps of 18 Watt (Philips, Spain), yielding 6000 - 7000 lux
Temperature of the medium: 23 +/- 2 °C
Incubation: During incubation the algal cells were kept in suspension by continuous shaking
Test concentrations: 3.2, 10, 32, 100, 320 and 1000 mg/L
Control: Test medium without test substance or other additives (0 mg/L)
Replicas: 3 replicas of each test concentration; 6 replicas of the control - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 136 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: cell growth inhibition (EbC50: 0-72 h)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 63 - 281 mg/L;
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 320 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate reduction (ErC50: 0-72 h)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction
- Details on results:
- At and below 100 mg/L and in the blank control exponential increase in cell growth was recorded during 72 hours of exposure. From nominally 100 mg/L cell growth decreased with increasing concentration of the test item. Inhibition of cell growth and reduction of growth rate. Inhibition of cell growth and growth rate reduction increased with increasing concentration of the test material resulting in 100 % inhibition and growth rate reduction at nominally 1000 mg/L. The apparent inhibition at 32 mg/L was caused by variation in the extinction values and is therefore not considered to be biologically relevant. The EC50 (72 h) based on growth rate was 136 mg/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The sensitivity of the used test system was checked using potassium dichromate.
Concentrations:1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L
Control: blank
Results:
The nominal 72-hour EC50 for growth inhibition(EbC50: 0-72 h) was 7.07 mg/L (95 % confidence interval of 1.79 - 23.02 mg/L)
The nominal 72-hour EC50 for growth rate reduction (ErC50: 0-72 h) was between 10 and 32 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistics were performed with Probit regression analysis (Finney, D.J., 1971: Probit analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 3rd edition).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, diammonium sulfate inhibits cell growth and reduces growth rate of this marine algae species at nominally 100 mg/L and higher. The EbC50 (72 h) value for cell growth inhibition was 136 mg/L. The ErC50 (72 h) for growth rate reduction was in the range of 320 mg/L. The NOEC was 32 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The marine algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum was tested according to OECD guideline 201 and EU Method C.3. The concentration range tested in the final study was nominally 3.2 to 1000 mg/L, forming a geometric progression with a factor of 3.2, with a control (0 mg/L). Inhibition of cell growth and growth rate reduction increased with increasing concentration of diammonium persulfate from 100 mg/L upwards, resulting in 100 % inhibition and growth rate reduction at nominally 1000 mg/L. The nominal 72 -hour EC50 for growth inhibition was 136 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 63 to 281 mg/L. The nominal 72 -hour EC50 for growth rate reduction was 320 mg/L. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 32 mg/L.
Reference
TABLE 1: Mean cell densities *
Number of cells inoculated at t=0:1 x 104 cells/ml
Nominal concentration mg/l |
0h |
24h |
48h |
72h |
0 |
1.0 |
1.7 |
9.6 |
39.3 |
3.2 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
11.1 |
50.4 |
10 |
1.0 |
2.2 |
11.5 |
47.2 |
32 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
8.5 |
35.9 |
100 |
1.0 |
1.8 |
7.5 |
23.2 |
320 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
4.5 |
7.6 |
1000 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.3 ** |
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
* A variation of±0.1 is acceptable owing to rounding off by the programme used for calculations.
** This value may be assumed to be 1.0, since mean cell densities at t=24 and t=72 are also 1.0
TABLE 2: Percentage inhibition of cell growth and percentage reduction of growth rate.
Nominal concentration mg/l |
Area (A)% Inhibition |
Growth rate |
||
cells/h |
%reduction |
|||
0h-72h |
||||
0 |
682 |
|
0.0510 |
|
3.2 |
848 |
-24 |
0.0544 |
-7 |
10 |
836 |
-23 |
0.0535 |
-5 |
32 |
609 |
11 |
0.0497 |
2 |
100 |
440 |
35 |
0.0437 |
14 |
320 |
171 |
75 |
0.0282 |
45 |
1000 |
0 |
100 |
0.0000 |
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Description of key information
The acute toxicity of the Persulfate Category to aquatic algae was tested in four studies. One study was available for disodium persulfate and three for diammonium persulfate. The studies were in accordance to OECD guideline 201 and EU Method C.3. The most sensitive EC50 (72 h) value for marine water detected at 320 mg/L with a NOEC of 32 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for marine water algae:
- 320 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:
- 32 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of the Persulfate Category to aquatic algae was tested in three studies. One study was available for disodium persulfate and three for diammonium persulfate. The marine algal growth inhibition test with diammonium persulfate revealed an EC50 (72 h) of 320 mg/L, the most sensitive value available.
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