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EC number: 811-319-7 | CAS number: 174633-44-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-11-20 to 2018-03-02
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: Samples were taken from the control and each test group from the freshly prepared bulk test preparation at 0 and 24 hours and from the old or expired pooled replicates at 24 and 48 hours for quantitative analysis of dissolved zirconium and silicon.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored frozen prior to analysis. Triplicate samples were taken at each sampling occasion, two of which were stored frozen for further analysis if necessary. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
*Stirring experiment:
Information provided by the Sponsor indicated that the test item was insoluble in pure water and that a saturated solution (SS) method of preparation was considered most appropriate. A nominal amount of test item (500 mg) was dispersed in 5 liters of test water with the aid of vigorous magnetic stirring for 96 hours. After 3, 24 and 96 hours, the pH of the media was checked and a sample taken for chemical analysis (i.e. dissolved zirconium and silicon) after filtration through a 0.2 µm Gelman Acrocap filter (initial 100 mL discarded). Dissolved zirconium concentrations were < LOQ at all sampling occasions. Dissolved silicon concentrations were 0.127, 0.365 and 0.515 mg Si/L after 3, 24 and 96 hours of stirring, respectively. Based on these results, the 96-h stirring period was selected for the combined range finder limit test.
*Combined Range Finder Limit Test:
A nominal amount of test item (500 mg) was dispersed in 5 liters of test water with the aid of vigorous magnetic stirring for 96 hours. After 96 hours the stirring was stopped and any undissolved test item was removed by filtration through a 0.2 µm Gelman Acrocap filter (first approximate 100 mL discarded in order to precondition the filter) to give a 100% v/v SS. A series of dilutions was made from this SS to give further test concentrations of 1.0 and 10% v/v SS. Each prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity.
Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): At the start and throughout the test all control and test solutions were observed to be clear colorless solutions. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea, Daphnia magna
- Source: in-house laboratory culture
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 h old
- Culture conditions: Adult daphnids were maintained in 150-mL glass beakers containing 100 mL Elendt M7 medium in a temperature controlled room maintaining the water temperature at 18 to 22°C. The lighting cycle was controlled to give a 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness cycle with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods. Each culture was fed daily with a mixture of algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and Tetramin® flake food suspension. Culture conditions ensured that reproduction was by parthenogenesis.
- Feeding during test: no - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20-22°C
- pH:
- At t=0h: 7.9 - 8.0 (Fresh media)
At t=24h: 7.9 - 8.0 (Old media)
At t=24h: 7.9 - 8.0 (Fresh media)
At t=48h: 7.9 - 8.0 (Old media) - Dissolved oxygen:
- At t=0h: 8.5 - 9.3 (Fresh media)
At t=24h: 8.9 - 9.1 (Old media)
At t=24h: 8.9 - 9.2 (Fresh media)
At t=48h: 9.0 - 9.1 (Old media) - Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Final test:
Nominal concentrations: 0, 1.0, 10 and 100% v/v saturated solution with nominal loading rate 100 mg/L
Measured concentrations of dissolved zirconium were < LOQ in all test media at all sampling times.
Measured concentrations of dissolved silicon (mg/L):
* t=0h (Fresh): < LOQ, < LOQ, 0.114, 0.127
* t=24h (Old): 0.172 (contamination), 0.158, 0.191, 0.961
* t=24h (Fresh): < LOQ, < LOQ, 0.164, 0.945
* t=48h (Old): < LOQ, < LOQ, 0.129, 0.953 - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: beaker
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150-mL glass beaker filled with 100 mL of test medium
- Aeration: not during the test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4 (only 1 for the 1.0 and 10% v/v SS)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light and 8 h darkness daily, 20-min transition periods
- Light intensity: 843-945 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Immobilisation and any adverse reactions to exposure were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % v/v saturated solution (nominal loading rate 100 mg/L)
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Mortality of exposed animals: none
- Abnormal responses: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Mortality: no
- EC50/LC50: 48-h EC50 = 0.54 mg/L. The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal range for this reference item. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No statistics were needed as no effects were observed and hence no effect concentrations needed to be calculated.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity of silicon zirconium oxide to Daphnia magna was determined in a 48-hour semi-static test according to OECD guideline 202.
As no immobilisation or other responses were observed in a 100% v/v saturated solution with a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L, the 48-h EC50 can be concluded to be > 100 mg/L.
Reference
Description of key information
The study of Squance (2018), investigating the acute toxicity of silicon zirconium oxide in Daphnia magna according to OECD guideline 202, was considered as the key study for endpoint coverage. In this semi-static test, no immobilisation was observed after 48 hours of exposure to 1.0, 10 and 100% v/v dilutions of a saturated solution with a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L. Dissolved zirconium concentrations were < LOQ (i.e. 0.0051 mg Zr/L) in all test media at all sampling times, whereas dissolved silicon concentrations were in the range of 0.114 -0.961 mg Si/L. Based on the results it can be concluded that silicon zirconium oxide is not harmful to aquatic invertebrates.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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