Barium titanium trioxide

Skin irritation / corrosion

Administrative data

Endpoint:

skin irritation / corrosion

Remarks:

other: validated "in vitro" test method

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2010-04-26 to 2010-06-07

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study reliable without restrictions

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Draft Proposal for a New Guideline: In vitro skin irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RhE) Test method

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Commission regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 B.46

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

10326-27-9

Cas Number:

10326-27-9

IUPAC Name:

10326-27-9

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Barium dichloride dihydrate

IUPAC Name:

Barium dichloride dihydrate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Barium chloride di-hydrate
- EC number: 233-788-1
- Molecular formula: BaCl2 * 2H2O
- Molecular weight: 244.26
- Physical state: White crystalline powder (determined at NOTOX)
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature in the dark
- Stability under storage conditions: Stable
- pH: 5.5 - 7.5 (100 g/L at 20 °C)
- Stability in water: not indicated
Solubility in water 400 g/L (20 °C)

Test animals

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Not applicable - Since this is an in vitro study there is no information on test animals.

Test system

Vehicle:

water

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
At least 10 mg of the solid test substance was applied directly on top of the skin tissue. Barium chloride dihydrate was spread to match the size of the tissue.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

15 minutes

Observation period:

not applicable

Number of animals:

not applicable

Details on study design:

TEST SYSTEM
EPISKIN Standard Model TM (EPISKIN-SM TM, 0.38 cm^2, Lot no.: 10-EKIN-020; Source: SkinEthic Laboratories, Nice, France).
This model is a three-dimensional human epidermis model, which consists of adult human-derived epidermal keratinocytes which have been seeded on a dermal substitute consisting of a collagen type I matrix coated with type IV collagen. The keratinocytes were cultured for 13 days, which results in a highly differentiated and stratified epidermis model comprising the main basal, supra basal, spinous and granular layers and a functional stratum corneum.

TEST FOR REDUCTION OF MTT BY THE TEST SUBSTANCE
Barium chloride dihydrate was checked for possible direct MTT reduction before the study was started. To assess the ability of the test substance to reduce MTT, approximately 10 mg of test substance was added toa 12 well plate filled with 2 ml MTT solution (o.3 mg/ml). The mixture was incubated for approximately 3 hours at 37 °C. A negative control , sterile Milli-Q water was tested concurrently.
Because no colour change was observed it was concluded that barium chloride dihydrate did not interact with MTT.

APPLICATION/TREATMENT OF THE TEST SUBSTANCE
The test was performed on a total of 3 tissues per test substance together with a negative control (phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Invitrogen Corporation, Breda, the Netherlands) and a positive control (5% (aq) sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS, Sigma Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands, CAS Number 151-21-3). At least 10 mg solid (with a small glass weight boat) with 5 µl Milli-Q water (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., U.S.A.) was added into 12-well plates on top of the skin tissues. Three tissues were treated with 10 µl PBS (negative control) and 3 tissues with 10 µl 5% SDS (positive control) respectively. The positive control was re-spread after 7 minutes contact time. After the exposure period of 15 minutes at room temperature, the tissues were washed with phosphate buffered saline to remove residual test substance. After rinsing the cell culture inserts were each dried carefully. The skin tissues were kept in new 12-well plates on 2 ml pre-warmed maintenance medium until all tissues were dosed and rinsed. Subsequently the skin tissues were incubated for 42 hours at 37 °C.

CELL VIABILITY MEASUREMENT
After incubation, cell culture inserts were dried carefully to remove excess medium and were transferred into a 12-wells plate prefilled with 2 ml MTT-medium (0.3 mg/ml). The tissues were incubated for 3 h at 37 °C. After incubation the tissues were placed on blotting paper to dry the tissues. Total biopsy was made by using a biopsy punch. Epidermis was separated from the collagen matrix and both parts were placed in prelabeled microtubes and extracted with 500 µl isopropanol. Tubes were stored refrigerated and protected from light for 70 hours. The amount of extracted formazan was determined spectrophotometrically at 570 nm in duplicate with the Multiskan Spectrum (Thermo Labsystems).
Cell viablity was calcuated for each tissue as a percentage of the mean of the negative control tissues. Skin irritation potential of the test substance was clasified according to remaining cell viability following exposure of the test substance.
No further information on the study design was stated.

Results and discussion

In vivo

Results

Irritation parameter:

other: relative viability (%)

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: after 15 min incubation

Score:

80

Max. score:

88

Reversibility:

no data

Irritant / corrosive response data:

The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with barium chloride dihydrate compared to negative control tissue was 80 %. Since the mean relative tissue viability for barium chloride dihydrate was above 50 % barium chloride dihydrate is considered to be non-irritant.

Any other information on results incl. tables

TEST FOR REDUCTION OF MTT BY THE TEST SUBSTANCE

Because no colour change was observed it was concluded that barium chloride dihydrate did not interact with MTT.

Results after treatment with test substance:

Table 1. Individual OD measurements at 570 nm

	A (OD570)	B (OD570)	C (OD570)
Negative control OD570measurement 1 OD570measurement 2	0.901 0.877	0.884 0.875	0.897 0.870
Barium chloride dihydrate OD570measurement 1 OD570measurement 2	0.734 0.574	0.733 0.738	0.747 0.738
Positive control OD570measurement 1 OD570measurement 2	0.050 0.056	0.061 0.063	0.069 0.067

OD = Optical density

Triplicate exposures are indicated by A, B and C.

The mean absorption at 570 nm measured after treatment with barium chloride dihydrate and controls are presented in Table 2.

Table 2.  Mean absorption in the in vitro skin irritation test with barium chloride dihydrate 

	A (OD570)	B (OD570)	C (OD570)	Mean (OD570)	SD
Negative control	0.889	0.879	0.883	0.884	0.005
Barium chloride dihydrate	0.654	0.735	0.742	0.711	0.049
Positive control	0.053	0.062	0.068	0.061	0.008

 

OD = optical density

SD = Standard deviation

Triplicate exposures are indicated by A, B and C.

In this table the values are corrected for background absorption. Isopropanol was used to measure the background absorption.

 

Table 3 shows the mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with barium chloride dihydrate compared to the negative control tissue.

Table 3. Mean tissue viability in the in vitro skin irritation test with barium chloride dihydrate 

	Mean tissue viability (percentage of control)
Negative control	100
Barium chloride dihydrate	80
Positive control	7

The positive control had a mean cell viability after 15 minutes exposure of 7 %.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

not irritating

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

It is concluded that this test is valid and that barium chloride dihydrate is non-irritant in the in vitro skin irritation test under the experimental conditions described in this report.