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EC number: 204-402-9 | CAS number: 120-51-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 20/02/2003 - 16/09/2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- This study was carried out according to OECD 202 and GLP standards. As such it is considered to be Klimisch 1.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Test guideline prefers test groups to be split into 4 replicates, each containing 5 individuals
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Analytical samples (20 mL) were collected into 40 mL glass VOA vials containing 1 drop of concentrated H3PO4.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- 17 mg/L stock solutions were prepared, by bringing 0.0171 or 0.0172 g of test substance to 1,000 mL with dilution water. The solutions were mixed on a magnetic stirrer for approximately 5 minutes, sonicated for approximately 15 minutes, and then mixed on a magnetic stirrer until dissolved. A test series of solutions was then prepared by bringing appropriate volumes of stock solution to 250 mL with dilution water.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Juvenile Daphnia magna (less than 24 hours old) produced in an in-house culture were used for this test. The original culture was obtained from Aquatic biosystems Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado on the 20th Febuary 2003.
Prior to testing, the daphnid culture was maintained in 100% dilution water under static renewal conditions and the test organisms were not treated for disease. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not applicable
- Hardness:
- 160 - 180 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 19.4-20.7oC
- pH:
- 6.9-7.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.1-8.9 mg/L
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: 1.3, 2.2, 3.7, 6.1, 10 and 17 mg/L
Measured concentrations: 1.09, 1.73, 2.98, 5.11, 8.74 and 14.6 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- See methods below
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.73 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL= 8.93 - >14.6 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.09 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL= 2.69 - 3.55 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL= 8.93 - >14.6 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7.77 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 5.11 - 14.6 mg/L
- Details on results:
- Exposure of daphnids to benzyl benzoate resulted in an immobility:
24 hour EC50 of 4.26 mg/L (95% CI = 3.74 to 4.80 mg/L)
48 hour EC50 of 3.09 mg/L (95% CI = 2.69 to 3.55 mg/L).
This exposure also resulted in a:
24 hour LC50 of 11.0 mg/L (95% CI = 8.93 to >14.6 mg/L)
48 hour LC50 of 7.77 mg/L (95% CI = 5.11 to 14.6 mg/L).
The slopes of the dose response curves based on effects and mortality were 8.3 and 4.6, respectively. The 48 hour no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 1.73 mg/L benzyl benzoate. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Results of the toxicity test were interpreted by standard statistical techniques. The 24 and 48 hour LC50 and EC50 values were calculated using the binomial or probit methods (Stephan et al. 1978). The slopes of the concentration-response curves were calculated using the probit method. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) is the highest tested concentration of test substance that allowed 90% or greater survival without any sublethal effects.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 48 hour EC50 for benzyl benzoate was determined to be 3.09 mg/L and the NOEC 1.73 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of benzyl benzoate to Daphnia magna was tested in an OECD 202 guideline study. Daphnia magna were exposed to benzyl benzoate for 48 hours at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 1.3, 2.2, 3.7, 6.1, 10, and 17 mg/L. The test was performed under static-renewal conditions in sealed vials at a temperature of 20 ±1oC.The number of surviving organisms, the occurrence of immobility and sub-lethal effects were noted at 0, 24, and 48 hours after test initiation.
The 48 hour EC50 for benzyl benzoate was determined to be 3.09 mg/L and the NOEC 1.73 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Immobilisation and mortality data
Mean measured concentration |
Number alive at 48 hours |
Number immobilised 48 hours |
Number of dead daphnia |
Control |
20 |
0 |
0 |
1.09 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
1.73 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
2.98 |
19 |
6 |
1 |
5.11 |
19 |
19 |
1 |
8.74 |
7 |
7 |
13 |
14.6 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
Description of key information
In an OECD 202 guideline test the EC50 for benzyl benzoate was found to be 3.09 mg/L and the NOEC was determined to be 1.73 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 3.09 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of benzyl benzoate to Daphnia magna was tested in an OECD 202 guideline study. Daphnia magna were exposed to benzyl benzoate for 48 hours at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 1.3, 2.2, 3.7, 6.1, 10, and 17 mg/L. The test was performed under static-renewal conditions in sealed vials at a temperature of 20 ±1°C.The number of surviving organisms, the occurrence of immobility and sub-lethal effects were noted at 0, 24, and 48 hours after test initiation.
The 48 hour EC50 for benzyl benzoate was determined to be 3.09 mg/L and the NOEC 1.73 mg/L.
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