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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-625-1 | CAS number: 123-41-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.604 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 50
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 5 mg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.06 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 500
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 112.9 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 10.467 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 1.047 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 1.734 mg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
Derivation of PNECs
The PNECs for the different compartments are calculated either by application an assessment factor (PNECfreshwater, PNECmarine water, PNECintermittent release and PNECstp) or using the equilibrium assumption method (PNECsediment-freshwater, PNECsediment-marine-water and PNECsoil). The PNECair and PNECsecondary poisoning are not considered as relevant based on the chemical structure and intrinsic properties of the registered substance.
The utilized procedures are described in detail in the ECHA REACH Guidance of May 2008, Chapter R.10 ("Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for environment").
Environmental classification and labeling
Experimental and reliable QSAR-based results are available for evaluating biodegradation, metabolism and toxicity of the read-across substance Choline chloride (CAS 67-48-1) towards aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate species. Based on the great structural similarity and substance characteristics of both substances, all results from Choline chloride can be used for the target substance Choline hydroxide. Physico-chemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties are likely to be similar. For a detailed justification and further information about this procedure, please refer to the separate read-across statement (Chemservice S.A., 2013).
Beside acute toxicity data for three trophic levels (i.e. fish, daphnids and algae), also adequate long-term data are available (using daphnids as test species). Choline hydroxide can be considered as rapidly biodegradable (based on an experimental result from Choline chloride (CAS 67-48-1; BASF AG, 1984) and based on the logPow of -2.25 at 25 °C (Intertek, 2013) and BCF of 3.16 L/kg (Chemservice S.A., 2013, updated 2022), no bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms is expected. The read-across substance was found to be not acutely toxic at concentrations upon 500 mg/L or even higher (for details, please refer to the different studies conducted by BASF AG). The most critical NOEC(21d) was found as 30.2 mg/L in an experiment conducted according to OECD 211 with Daphnia magna (MOE Japan, 1999). Based upon these results from the reliable read-across substance and in reference to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, Choline hydroxide has not to be classified and labelled with respect to environmental hazards.
Conclusion on classification
In accordance to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (Classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006), Choline hydroxide has not to be classified and labelled with respect to environmental hazards.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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