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EC number: 601-147-9 | CAS number: 111988-49-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 Oct - 02 Nov 1995
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: U.S. EPA-FIFRA PesticideAssessment Guideline § 123-2 Tier 2 "Non-target AquaticPlant Toxicity"
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Deviation to OECD 221: Different growth medium used, test duration was 15 d instead of 14 d, no measurement of another another parameter (total frond area, dry weight or fresh weight) besides frond number, no assessment based on specific growth rate made
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0 (control), 3.03, 6.05, 12.1, 24.2, 48.4 and 96.8 mg a.i./L
- Sampling method: Samples were taken at day 0 and 15 - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Test concentrations were prepared by adding aliquots of the stock solution (1000 mg test item/L) to a total of 1000 ml test medium.
- Controls: control: dilution water only, solvent control: 1 mL DMF/L
- Chemical name of vehiclle: dimethylformamide
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: stock solution: 100%, final test solutions: max. 1 mL/L, control: 0%, solvent control: 1 mL/L
- Test concentration separation factor: 2 - Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: gibbous duckweed
- Strain: G3
- Source: laboratory stock culture (originally obtained from Dr. Janet Slovin, Horticulture Crops Quality Laboratory,U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, USA)
- Age of inoculum: < 14 days
- Method of cultivation: maintained under sterile conditions in glass dishes filled with Hoagland E medium without Sucrose, Yeast extract, Bactotryptone and EDTA under illumination of 5000 lux ± 15% and temperature of 25 ± 2°C. Transfers are made regularly into fresh mediumto provide less than 14-day old cultures for toxicity test inoculations. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 15 d
- Test temperature:
- 23.7 - 24.2 °C
- pH:
- 4.6 - 6.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0 (control), 3.03, 6.05, 12.1, 24.2, 48.4 and 96.8 mg a.i./L
Mean measured concentrations: < LOD (control), 2.98, 6.05, 12.3, 25.7, 46.8 and 95.4 mg a.i./L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber used: yes
- Test vessel: 400 mL glass dishes
- Type: covered with lits of glass to permit gas exchange and illumination
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 10 cm diameter x 6 cm height,
- Type of cover: lits of glass
- Aeration: no
- Control end frond number: 189 (solvent control), 235 (control)
- No. of colonies per vessel: 5
- No. of fronds per colony: 3
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (M-Hoagland's Medium, ASTM E 1415 -91 (modified: without EDTA, Sucrose, Yeast extract or Bactotryptone)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH (test start and end) and temperature (daily)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous light
- Light intensity and quality: 5124 lux (mean of a total of 5 measurements)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of frond number: manual counting (day 2, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 15)
- Determination of biomass: no
- Shoot length: no
- Shoot weight (fresh / dry): no
- Determination of frond area: no - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 15 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 46.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Duration:
- 15 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 141.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Data which did not fit a normal distribution were analyzed by the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis' test and Dunn's Multiple Comparison test to determine if there was a significant difference between the control and treatment groups. Control data were pooled if the t-test criteria was met. If the data was not poolable, only the
corresponding solvent control data was used for further analyses.
This growth data, without previous data transformation were analyzed according to the following statistical methods: the Dunnett's test,the Bonferroni's t-test, the Tukey's test and the Williams' test. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 (15 d) for Lemna gibba exposed to the test item is 141.8 mg a.i./L (mean measured). The NOEC was determined to be 46.8 mg a.i./L (mean measured). Both values refer to frond number inhibition.
Reference
Table 1: Measured concentrations in experimental study
Nominal concentration [mg a.i./L] |
Measured concentrations in mg a.i./L |
||
Day 0
|
Day 15 |
Mean |
|
Control |
< 0.1 |
< 0.1< |
- |
Solvent control |
< 0.1 |
< 0.1< |
- |
3.03 |
3.03 |
2.94 |
2.98 |
6.05 |
6.02 |
6.07 |
6.05 |
12.1 |
12.3 |
12.3 |
12.3 |
24.2 |
25.8 |
25.6 |
25.7 |
48.4 |
46.1 |
47.6 |
46.8 |
96.8 |
92.0 |
98.7 |
95.4 |
Table 2: Frond counts during test
Mean measured concentration (mg a.i/L) |
Replicate |
Day 0 |
Day 12 |
Day 15 |
|
Control |
A |
15 |
130 |
199 |
|
B |
15 |
136 |
231 |
||
C |
15 |
162 |
274 |
||
Mean |
15 |
143 |
235 |
||
Solvent control |
A |
15 |
115 |
178 |
|
B |
15 |
128 |
189 |
||
C |
15 |
126 |
201 |
||
Mean |
15 |
123 |
189 |
||
2.98 |
A |
15 |
117 |
237 |
|
B |
15 |
126 |
201 |
||
C |
15 |
112 |
208 |
||
Mean |
15 |
118 |
215 |
||
6.05 |
A |
15 |
140 |
238 |
|
B |
15 |
151 |
244 |
||
C |
15 |
157 |
267 |
||
Mean |
15 |
149 |
250 |
||
12.3 |
A |
15 |
138 |
219 |
|
B |
15 |
147 |
242 |
||
C |
15 |
148 |
217 |
||
Mean |
15 |
144 |
226 |
||
25.7 |
A |
15 |
144 |
218 |
|
B |
15 |
118 |
188 |
||
C |
15 |
132 |
213 |
||
Mean |
15 |
131 |
206 |
||
46.8 |
A |
15 |
108 |
156 |
|
B |
15 |
113 |
186 |
||
C |
15 |
141 |
225 |
||
Mean |
15 |
121 |
189 |
||
95.4 |
A |
15 |
82 |
115 |
|
B |
15 |
104 |
157 |
||
C |
15 |
119 |
162 |
||
Mean |
15 |
102 |
145* |
*Denotes statistically significant difference from pooled controls (α = 0.05) at day 15.
Table 3: Validity criteria for OECD 221 (2006)
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
The doubling time of frond number in the control must be less than 2.5 days (60 h), corresponding to approximately a seven-fold increase in seven days and an average specific growth rate of 0.275 d-1. |
Not determinable since growth rate is not determined. |
Not applicable |
Description of key information
NOEC (15 d) = 46.8 mg a.i./L (frond number, mean measured, Lemna gibba, EPA-FIFRA Pesticide Assessment Guideline 123-2 Tier 2)
EC50 (15 d) = 141.8 mg a.i./L (frond number, mean measured, Lemna gibba, EPA-FIFRA Pesticide Assessment Guideline 123-2 Tier 2)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 141.8 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 46.8 mg/L
Additional information
A 15-day toxicity test is available assessing the toxicity of the test item to Lemna gibba G3, a species of duckweed according to EPA-FIFRA Pesticide Assessment Guideline 123-2 Tier 2. Duckweed plants were exposed under static conditions to six concentrations in the range between 2.98 and 95.4 mg a.i./L. Measured concentrations were between 95 % and 107 % of nominal concentrations. The statistical analyses indicate that the frond count values in the highest tested concentration 95.4 mg a.i./L on day 15, was significantly different from those in the controls.The NOEC (15 d) and EC50 (15 d) were determined to be 46.8 and 141.8 mg a.i./L (mean measured), respectively, based on the number of counted fronds.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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