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EC number: 209-533-5 | CAS number: 584-13-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19.05. – 20. 05. 2021
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 021
- Report date:
- 2021
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted 26th June 2020
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamine
- EC Number:
- 209-533-5
- EC Name:
- 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamine
- Cas Number:
- 584-13-4
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4N4
- IUPAC Name:
- 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamine
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- cattle
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Breeding service CHOVSERVIS a.s., division TORO® Hlavečník, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Characteristics of donor animals (e.g. age, sex, weight): The eyes were enucleated as soon as possible after death. No detergent was used. Only healthy animals (12 to 30 months old) considered suitable for entry into the human food chain were used as a source of corneas for use in the BCOP test.
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue (e.g. transport time, transport media and temperature, and other conditions):
The risk of contamination was minimized (e.g., by keeping the container containing the eyes on ice, by adding antibiotics to the HBSS used to store the eyes during transport (e.g., penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 μg/mL).
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: The time interval between collection of the eyes and use of corneas in the BCOP was minimized (typically collected and used on the same day). All eyes used in the assay were from the same group of eyes collected on a specific day.
- indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples:
Only corneas from eyes free of defects including scratched, and neovascularisation were used. The isolated corneas, after achieve normal metabolic activity (inductive incubation at 32 ± 1°C for one hour), were examined again. The corneas that show macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or a baseline opacity >7 opacity units were discarded.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- Hank's balanced salt solution
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit):
The test item was tested as suspension prepared from test item at 20% concentration in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. 2 g of the test item was suspended in 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.
VEHICLE
Hank`s Balanced Salts Solution (HBSS)
- Lot/batch no. (if required): Sigma-Aldrich, RNBJ4662 - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hrs
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- 1.5 hour
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- The results were based on the selection criteria for the eyes, as well as the positive and negative control responses.
Number of corneas per group:
Exposed group (test item) - 3 corneas (No. 12, 15, 16)
Positive control group (20% w/v imidazole in 0.9% NaCl solution) – 3 corneas (No. 4, 5, 6)
Negative control group (0.9% NaCl) – 3 corneas (No. 1, 2, 3) - Details on study design:
- SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS
Selection criteria for eyes used in BCOP: Only corneas from eyes free of defects including scratched, and neovascularisation were used. The isolated corneas, after achieve normal metabolic activity (inductive incubation at 32 ± 1°C for one hour), were examined again. The corneas that show macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or a baseline opacity >7 opacity units were discarded.
Preparation: Corneas free of defects were dissected with a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera remaining to assist in subsequent handling, with care taken to avoid damage to the corneal epithelium an endothelium.
Isolated corneas were mounted in specially designed corneal holders that consisted of anterior and posterior compartments, which interfaced with the epithelial and endothelial sides of the cornea, respectively.
Both chambers were filled to excess with pre-warmed Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM). The device was then equilibrated at 32 ± 1°C for at least one hour in water bath to allow the corneas to equilibrate with the medium and to achieve normal metabolic activity, to the extent possible. Following the equilibration period, fresh pre-warmed EMEM was added to both chambers and a baseline opacity readings were taken for each cornea. Any corneas that showed macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or an opacity >7 opacity units were discarded.
Each test group (test substance, concurrent negative and positive controls) consisted of the three eyes.
QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEAS
From 25 eyes, 6 eyes were eliminated after inductive incubation, because the baseline opacity values were >7. Nine corneas were used for the study (the corneas No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 15, and 16), 7 corneas were superfluous and 3 corneas were used for testing of other items.
NUMBER OF REPLICATES
Number of corneas per group:
Exposed group (test substance) - 3 corneas (No. 12, 15, 16)
Positive control group (20% Imidazole in 0.9% NaCl) – 3 corneas (No. 4, 5, 6)
Negative control group (0.9% NaCl) – 3 corneas (No. 1, 2, 3)
NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
0.9% NaCl
POSITIVE CONTROL USED
20% Imidazole
APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
Closed-chamber method was used, because 20% suspension of the test substance is applicable by micropipette.
Exposure time: 4 hrs
TREATMENT METHOD: closed-chamber method
POST-INCUBATION PERIOD: 1.5 hr
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE, POST-EXPOSURE INCUBATION
After the exposure period, the negative and positive control substances and the test item were removed from the anterior chamber with EMEM (containing phenol red
- the effectiveness of rinsing acidic or alkaline materials). The corneas were given a final rinse with EMEM (without phenol red). The EMEM (without phenol red) was used as a final rinse to ensure removal of the phenol red from the anterior chamber prior to the opacity measurement. The anterior chamber was then refilled with fresh EMEM without phenol red. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were measured.
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: the diminution of lights passing through the cornea. The light was measured as illuminance (l = luminous flux per area, unit: lux) by a light meter.
Corneal opacity (as value of illuminance) was measured quantitatively with the aid of an opacitometer (Opacitometer, Kit OP3,0 – Duratec, Analysertechnik – Germany).
- Corneal permeability:
The amount of sodium fluorescein that crosses into the posterior chamber was quantitatively measured with the aid of UV/VIS spectrophotometry (Spectrophotometer GENESYSTM 10 UV/VIS Scanning). The values of absorbance measured at 490 nm were recorded as optical density (OD490) values. This term was used because the measuring is performed with visible light spectrophotometer using a standard 1 cm path length.
SCORING SYSTEM:
In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability OD490 value)
DECISION CRITERIA:
IVIS UN GHS
≤ 3 No Category
> 3; ≤ 55 No stand-alone prediction can be made
≥ 55 Category 1
Results and discussion
In vitro
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- mean
- Value:
- 2.69
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
Study acceptance criteria were fulfilled.
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: The value of opacity for negative control (0.9% NaCl) obtained during the study was 1.13 and value of permeability was 0.0013. The values obtained during this study not exceeded upper limits, so the study is considered acceptable.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: The value of IVIS for positive control (20% imidazole) obtained during the study was 71.46.
This value is within the acceptance limit (one standard deviations of the current historical mean), so the study is considered acceptable.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) was computed according the following formula:
IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability OD490 value)
Group | IVIS calculation | Result |
NC (0.9% NaCl) | 1.13 + (15 x 0.0013) | 1.15 |
PC (20% Imidazole in 0.9% NaCl) | 43.47 + (15 x 1.8657) | 71.46 |
Test item (4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine) | 2,66 + (15 x 0.0017) | 2.69 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The study met all the acceptance criteria for positive and negative controls. The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for test item, 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine was 2.69.
This value of IVIS is ≤ 3 therefore the classification of test item effect according to UN GHS criteria for eye irritation or serious eye damage is: No category. - Executive summary:
The test item, 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine, was tested for the potential to cause ocular corrosivity or severe irritancy, as measured by its ability to induce opacity and increased permeability in an isolated bovine cornea. The test was performed according to OECD Test Guideline No. 437 (2020)
The testing was performed on three groups of corneas: test item treatment group, positive control group (20% w/v imidazole in 0.9% NaCl solution) and negative control group (0.9% NaCl solution). Three corneas per group were used.
The closed-chamber method was used, because 20% suspension of the test substance is applicable by micropipette. Corneas were exposed for 4 hours.
The opacity and permeability of each cornea were measured. The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) was calculated from the values of opacity and permeability.
The study met all the acceptance criteria for positive and negative controls. The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for test item, 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine was 2.69.
This value of IVIS is ≤ 3 therefore the classification of test item effect according to UN GHS criteria for eye irritation or serious eye damage is: No category.
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