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EC number: 405-520-5 | CAS number: 95235-30-6 D-8; DD-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 1990-11-15 to 1990-12-11
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken at start of the test, after 24 hours and after 48 hours. Samples of all test concentrations (abt. 5 mL) were diluted with acetonitrile and 10 µL of the solution was injected into the HPLC system.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- For the 40; 25; 16; 10 mg/L groups, the aliquot of the test substance was individually weighed, dissolved with a small amount of dimethylformamide (DMF, contained 1 % of Tween 80) and mixed with dilution water in a flask. Each flask was stoppered and immersed in an ultrasonic bath for 5 min and the solution was divided into 4 vessels. The solution for the 10 mg/L group was successively diluted with the dilution water to make the 6.3 and 4 mg/L groups. Final concentration of DMF (included Tween 80) was 0.1 mL/L. Nominal concentrations of D-8 in the test solutions were 40; 25; 16; 10; 6.3 and 4 mg/L.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia sp.
- Strain: Daphnia similis (Claus)
- Source: Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory
- Age at study initiation: More than 6 hours and less than 24 hours
- Weight at study initiation: not indicated
- Length at study initiation: 0.86 ± 0.05 mm (Mean ± SD)
- Method of breeding: not indicated
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not indicated - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- 24 and 48 hours
- Hardness:
- 80 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 21.7 - 21.8 °C
- pH:
- 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.3 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 40; 25; 16; 10; 6.3; 4.0 mg/L
Actual concentrations (after 24 hrs): 33.5; 21.5; 15.4; 9.95; 5.92; 3.80 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- 160 healthy individuals were selected, randomly assigned to each vessel and exposed for 48 hours.
No. of groups: 6 exposed; a vehicle control and an untreated control group.
Each group contained 20 individuals. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 19 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 17 - 21 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 13 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 12 - 14 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 17 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 16 - 19 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 11 - 13 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 17 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 16 - 19 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 13 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 12 - 15 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 15 - 18 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 11 - 14 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- Deaths and toxic sign (immobilisation) were observed in the 10 mg/L group and higher exposed groups. Neither toxic signs nor deaths were found in the 6.3 and 4 mg/L groups and both control groups.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Calculation of LC50 (nominal and actual concentrations) was made with Probit method.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- D-8 was tested for toxicity to Daphnia in a 48-h static immobilisation test and the EC 50 value was determined to be 12 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
D-8 was tested for acute toxicity to Daphnia in a 48-h static test with six test and two control groups according to OECD 202. The nominal test substance concentrations were 40; 25; 16; 10; 6.3 and 4.0 mg/L. Deaths and toxic sign (immobilisation) were observed in the 10 mg/L group and higher exposed groups. Neither toxic signs, nor deaths were observed in the 6.3 and 4 mg/L groups and both control groups. The EC50 value for 48-h exposure was found to be 12 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- from 1990-05-14 to 1990-06-04
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- The test substance was weighed, dissolved in a small amount of Dimethylformamide (DMF, including 1 % Tween 80) and suspended with dilution water. This suspension was successively diluted with dilution water to make 6 concentrations of 100, 63, 40, 25, 16, and 10 mg/L.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia sp.
- Strain: Daphnia similis (Claus)
- Source: Takai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory
- Age at study initiation: More than 6 hours and less than 24 hours
- Weight at study initiation: not indicated
- Length at study initiation: 0.95 ± 0.06 mm (Mean ± SD)
- Method of breeding: not indicated
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not indicated - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- 24 hours
- Hardness:
- 80 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 21.5 - 21.7 °C
- pH:
- 7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.3 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 100; 63; 40; 25; 16 and 10 mg/L
No measured concentrations. - Details on test conditions:
- 160 healthy individuals were selected, randomly assigned to each vessel and exposed for 24 hours.
No. of groups: 6 exposed; a vehicle control and an untreated control group.
Each group contained 20 individuals. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 19 - 24 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 18 - 23 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- Deaths and toxic sign (immobilisation) were observed in the 16 mg/L and higher dosed groups. Neither toxic signs, nor deaths were found in the 10 mg/L and both control groups.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Calculation of LC50 was perfomed using the Probit method.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a 24-h toxicity test to Daphnia sp. an EC50 of 21 mg/L for D-8 was determined.
- Executive summary:
D-8 was tested for acute toxicity to Daphnia in a 24-h static test with six test and two control groups according to EU Method C.2. The nominal test substance concentrations were 100, 63, 40, 25, 16 and 10 mg/L. Deaths and toxic sign (immobilisation) were observed in the 16 mg/L and higher dosed groups. Neither toxic signs, nor deaths were found in the 10 mg/L and both control groups. The EC50 value for 24-h exposure was found to be 21 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
A few small particles were observed in the test solutions for the 40 and 25 mg/L groups before being divided into each 4 vessels. These particles were adhesive and adhered immediately to the inner surface of the flask, and could not be dispersed into the water.
There was no marked difference between nominal and actual concentrations in the 16 mg/L and the lower groups at the start of the test. But the actual concentrations of the 25 and 40 mg/L groups were lower than the nominal concentrations of these groups (78 and 74 % in the 25 and 40 mg/L groups, respectively).
The actual concentrations were maintained in all the exposed groups during the test. It is therefore considered that D-8 is stable in the water and more amount of solvent or dispersant than the limit of 0.1 mg/L is necessary for making the test substance suspend well.
Table 1: Actual concentration of D-8
Nominal Concentration |
Group No. |
Actual concentration (mg/L)1) |
||
Start |
24 h2) |
48 h2) |
||
40 |
1 |
29.5 |
33.5 (114) |
- |
25 |
2 |
19.6 |
21.6 (110) |
23.4 (119) |
16 |
3 |
15.9 |
15.4 (97) |
16.7 (105) |
10 |
4 |
9.95 |
9.46 (95) |
10.2 (103) |
6.3 |
5 |
5.92 |
6.05 (102) |
6.40 (108) |
4 |
6 |
3.80 |
3.85 (101) |
4.06 (107) |
1): Figures in the parentheses indicates the ratio (%): (actual concentration after 24 h or 48 h/actual concentration at the start)*100
2): Figures are mean values of 4 vessels except the value of 48 h in Group 2. (All the daphnids in 3 vessels of Group 2 died after 24 h.)
Table 2: Mortalities and Number of Dead Daphnids Exposed to D-8
Test substance |
Concentration (mg/L) |
No. of daphnids |
No. of deaths1) |
Mortality (%) after 48 hours |
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
||||
D-8 |
40 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
100 |
25 |
20 |
19 |
20 |
100 |
|
16 |
20 |
4 (3) |
18 (1) |
90 |
|
10 |
20 |
0 |
1 (2) |
5 |
|
6.3 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
4 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Vehicle control |
-2) |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Untreated control |
- |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1): Figures in the parentheses indicate the number of daphnids showing immobilization.
2): DMF (included 1 % Tween 80) = 0.1 mL/L (= 0.094 g/L)
Table: Mortalities and Number of Dead Daphnids Exposed to D-8
Test substance |
Concentration (mg/L) |
No. of daphnids |
No. of deaths1) |
Mortality (%) after 24 hours |
D-8 |
100 |
20 |
20 |
100 |
63 |
20 |
20 |
100 |
|
40 |
20 |
20 |
100 |
|
25 |
20 |
14 (1) |
70 |
|
16 |
20 |
4 (1) |
20 |
|
10 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
|
Vehicle control |
-2) |
20 |
0 |
0 |
Untreated control |
- |
20 |
0 |
0 |
1): After 24 hours, figures in the parentheses indicate the number of daphnids showing immobilisation
2): DMF = 1mL/L, Tween 80 = mL/L.
Description of key information
D-8 was tested for toxicity to Daphnia in a 48-h static immobilisation test and the EC50 value was determined to be 12 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 12 mg/L
Additional information
Key study - OECD 202
D-8 was tested for acute toxicity to Daphnia in a 48-h static test with six test and two control groups according to OECD 202. The nominal test substance concentrations were 40; 25; 16; 10; 6.3 and 4.0 mg/L. Deaths and toxic sign (immobilisation) were observed in the 10 mg/L group and higher exposed groups. Neither toxic signs, nor deaths were observed in the 6.3 and 4 mg/L groups and both control groups. The EC50 value for 48-h exposure was found to be 12 mg/L.
Supporting study - EU Method C.2
D-8 was tested for acute toxicity to Daphnia in a 24-h static test with six test and two control groups according to EU Method C.2. The nominal test substance concentrations were 100, 63, 40, 25, 16 and 10 mg/L. Deaths and toxic sign (immobilisation) were observed in the 16 mg/L and higher dosed groups. Neither toxic signs, nor deaths were found in the 10 mg/L and both control groups. The EC50 value for 24-h exposure was found to be 21 mg/L.
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