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EC number: 203-183-7 | CAS number: 104-19-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-06-28 to 2017-06-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation))
- Version / remarks:
- 2010
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: PFW160141
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2018-12-30
- Purity test date: 2016-07-19 (certificate of analysis release date)
- Purity: 99.5%
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature in the dark
- Stability under test conditions: no data
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: no data - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- As it was not a requirement of the Test Guidelines, no analysis was conducted to determine the homogeneity, concentration or stability of the test item formulation. This is an exception with regard to GLP and is reflected in the GLP compliance statement.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: In the range-finding test, activated sewage sludge micro-organisms were exposed to a series of nominal test concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L. 2500 mg of test item was dissolved in water and the volume adjusted to 1L to give a 2500 mg/L stock solution from which dilutions were made to give 250 and 25 mg/L stock solutions. An aliquot (200 mL) of the 25 mg/L stock solution was dispersed with synthetic sewage (16 mL), activated sewage sludge (250 mL) and water, to a final volume of 500 mL, to give the required concentration of 10 mg/L. Similarly, aliquots (200 mL) of the 250 mg/L and 2500 mg/L stock solutions were used to prepare the test concentrations of 100 and 1000 mg/L. The 1000 mg/L test concentration was prepared in triplicate. The volumetric flasks containing the stock solutions were inverted several times to ensure homogeneity. The pH of the test item stock solutions was adjusted to 7.0 - 8.0 if necessary.
- Controls: yes, the control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test item.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): no data - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected: A mixed population of activated sewage sludge micro-organisms was obtained on 27 June 2017 from the aeration stage of the Severn Trent Water Plc sewage treatment plant at Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK which treats predominantly domestic sewage
- Method of cultivation: The activated sewage sludge sample was maintained on continuous aeration in the laboratory at a temperature of approximately 21 ºC overnight prior to use in the test.
- Pretreatment: On the day of collection the activated sewage sludge (10 liters) was fed synthetic sewage (500 mL). The pH of the sample on the day of the test was 7.2 measured using a Hach HQ40d Flexi handheld meter. Determination of the suspended solids level of the activated sewage sludge was carried out by filtering a sample (100 mL) of the activated sewage sludge by suction through a pre-weighed GF/A filter paper* using a Buchner funnel which was then rinsed 3 times with 10 mL of deionized reverse osmosis water and filtration continued for 3 minutes. The filter paper was then dried in an oven at approximately 105 ºC for at least one hour and allowed to cool before weighing. This process was repeated until a constant weight was attained.
- Initial biomass concentration: The suspended solids concentration was equal to 3.0 g/L prior to use. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- After 3 h of exposure, oxygen consumption was recorded for apprimately 10 minutes.
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 20”C
- pH:
- 7.9 - 10.7 prior to adjustment and 7.9 after adjustment
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5.62 - 8.14 mg O2/L or 63 - 91% of Dissolved Oxygen Saturation Level of 8.9 mg O2/L
- Salinity:
- Not reported
- Conductivity:
- Not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Range-Finding Test: 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L
Based on these results the main test was not performed - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 500 mL conical flask
- Aeration: The activated sewage sludge sample was maintained on continuous aeration
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1 and 3 for the highest test item concentration
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): The suspended solids concentration was equal to 3.0 g/L prior to use.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The test water used for the test was deionized reverse osmosis water containing less than 1 mg/L Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC).
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: The pH of the test item stock solutions were measured using a Hach HQ40d Flexi handheld meter and adjusted to between pH 7.0 to pH 8.0 if necessary.
- Photoperiod and Light intensity: The test was conducted under normal laboratory lighting.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : As each vessel reached 3 hours contact time an aliquot was removed from the conical flask and poured into the measuring vessel (250 mL darkened glass Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) bottle) and the rate of respiration measured using a Yellow Springs dissolved oxygen meter fitted with a BOD probe. The contents of the measuring vessel were stirred constantly by magnetic stirrer. The rate of respiration for each flask was measured over the linear portion of the oxygen consumption trace (where possible between 7 mg O2/L and 2 mg O2/L). In the case of a rapid oxygen consumption, measurements may have been outside this range but the oxygen consumption was always within the linear portion of the respiration curve. In the case of low oxygen consumption, the rate was determined over an approximate 10 minute period.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: x10
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values:
no data
- Blank controls oxygen uptake rate: 26.73 mg O2/L.h
- Coefficient of variation of oxygen uptake rate in control replicates: 1.2% - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - The reference item gave a 3-Hour EC50value of 6.5 mg/L, 95% confidence limits 5.0 to 8.5 mg/L which suggested the suitability of the test conditions and the inoculum
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - ECx: The percentage inhibition values were plotted against concentration for the reference item only, a line fitted using the Xlfit software package (IDBS) and the EC10, EC20, EC50 and EC80 values determined from the equation for the fitted line. The EC10, EC20, EC50 and EC80 values for the test item were determined by inspection of the inhibition of respiration rate data. 95% confidence limits were calculated for the reference item EC50 value using the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (Litchfield and Wilcoxon, 1949).
- NOEC: In order to determine te NOEC, one way analysis of variance incorporating Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance (Sokal and Rohlf, 1981) and Dunnett's multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control (Dunnett, 1955) was carried out on the oxygen consumption data for the control and all test concentrations to determine any statistically significant differences between the test and control groups. All statistical analyses were performed using the SAS computer software package (SAS, 1999 - 2001). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- An activated sludge respiration inhibition test (according to OECD guideline 209) with activated sludge from a predominantly domestic sewage treatment plant resulted in a 3-h EC50 > 1000 mg Jeffcat TAP/L. In conclusion, Jeffcat TAP was not toxic to activated sludge at or below a loading rate of 1000 mg/L. The results of the study can be considered reliable without restriction.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the effect of the test item on the respiration of activated sewage sludge. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (2010) No. 209 "Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation)".
Methods
Activated sewage sludge was exposed to an aqueous solution of the test item at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L (3 replicates of the 1000 mg/L test concentration) for a period of 3 hours at measured temperatures of approximately 20°C with the addition of a synthetic sewage as a respiratory substrate.
The rate of respiration was determined after 3 hours contact time and compared to data for the control and a reference item, 3,5-dichlorophenol
Results
The effect of the test item on the respiration of activated sewage sludge gave a 3‑Hour EC50value of greater than 1000 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was 1000 mg/L.
It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at concentrations in excess of 1000 mg/L.
The reference item gave a 3-Hour EC50value of 6.5 mg/L, 95% confidence limits 5.0 to 8.5 mg/L
Reference
Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations of the Test Preparations after 30 Minutes Contact Time in the Range-Finding Test
Nominal |
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration |
Expressed as a Percentage of a Dissolved Oxygen Saturation Level of 8.9 mg O2/L |
|
Control |
R1 |
6.09 |
68 |
R2 |
5.81 |
65 |
|
R3 |
6.09 |
68 |
|
R4 |
6.09 |
68 |
|
Test Item |
10 |
6.00 |
67 |
100 |
6.37 |
72 |
|
1000 R1 |
6.10 |
69 |
|
1000 R2 |
6.19 |
70 |
|
1000 R3 |
5.62 |
63 |
|
3,5-dichlorophenol |
3.2 |
6.86 |
77 |
10 |
7.02 |
79 |
|
32 |
8.14 |
91 |
R1– R4= Replicates 1 to 4
Oxygen Consumption Rates and Percentage Inhibition Values after 3 Hours Contact Time in the Range-Finding Test
Nominal |
Initial O2 |
Measurement Period |
Final O2Reading |
O2Consumption Rates |
% |
|
Control |
R1 |
6.1 |
6 |
2.1 |
40.00 |
- |
R2 |
5.8 |
6 |
1.8 |
40.00 |
- |
|
R3 |
5.4 |
5 |
2.1 |
39.60 |
- |
|
R4 |
5.5 |
5 |
2.1 |
40.80 |
- |
|
Test Item |
10 |
5.2 |
5 |
1.9 |
39.60 |
1 |
100 |
5.2 |
5 |
2.0 |
38.40 |
4 |
|
1000 R1 |
5.4 |
5 |
2.1 |
39.60 |
1 |
|
1000 R2 |
5.7 |
5 |
2.4 |
39.60 |
1 |
|
1000 R3 |
5.1 |
5 |
1.8 |
39.60 |
1 |
|
3,5-dichlorophenol |
3.2 |
6.9 |
10 |
2.5 |
26.40 |
34 |
10 |
7.2 |
10 |
4.4 |
16.80 |
58 |
|
32 |
8.2 |
10 |
7.5 |
4.20 |
90 |
R1– R4= Replicates 1 to 4
Description of key information
The study of Best (2017), investigating the toxicity of the test substance to microorganisms according to OECD guideline 209, was considered as the key study for endpoint coverage. The 3-h EC50 was >1000 mg/L. The 3-h NOEC was 1000 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/L
Additional information
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