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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 272-702-7 | CAS number: 68909-34-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Well documented, scientifically sound study that is similar to OECD 412 "Repeated Dose Inhalation Toxicity: 28-day or 14-day study" guideline with the following deviations: (1) only one dose was used rather than 3; (2) 2 dogs, 6 Rabbits, and 20 rats (sex not provided) were exposed rather than 5 animals/sex/dose; (3) complete list of tissues examined for gross and histopathology were not provided; (4) no urinalysis or clinical chemistry parameters were examined
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Inhalation Toxicity of Zirconium Compounds: Short-Term Studies
- Author:
- Spiegl, C.J., M.C. Calkins, J.J. DeVoldre, J.K. Scott
- Year:
- 1 956
- Bibliographic source:
- Atomic Energy Commission Project, Rep. No. UR-460, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; pages 1-26
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 412 (Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see rationale for reliability
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Zirconium dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 1314-23-4
- Molecular formula:
- ZrO2
- IUPAC Name:
- Zirconium dioxide
- Reference substance name:
- Zirconium dioxide
- EC Number:
- 215-227-2
- EC Name:
- Zirconium dioxide
- IUPAC Name:
- 215-227-2
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Zirconium oxide ZrO2
- Physical state: Dust
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): Al (0.026%), B (trace), Ba (0.062%), Ca (0.071%), Cr (trace), Cu (0.008%), Fe (0.049%), Mg (0.16%), Si (< 0.47%), Ti (0.18%)
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- other: dog, rabbit, rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- other: no data
- Remarks on MMAD:
- MMAD / GSD: Mass median particle diameter: 1.5 microns
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: copper-lined chamber constructed of wood with observation windows on three sides, 6 x 8 x 6 ft high and volume of 288 cubic feet.
- Method of conditioning air: A centrally located duct in the ceiling of the chamber served as the inlet for the test substance. Baffles below the inlet and two fans near the ceiling dispersed the test substance and distributed the test substance uniformly throughout the chamber. In the four bottom corners were outlets connected to an exhaust system. Air turnover during exposure was approximately 140 cfm or one change every two minutes with no recycling.
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: Wright dust feed.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: 74 +/- 3 degrees F; 47% +/- 6%; few hundredths of an inch of water less than atmospheric pressure.
- Air flow rate: 140 cfm or one change every two minutes.
- Method of particle size determination: test substance was twice ground in a Mikropulverizer to a mean bulk particle size.
- Treatment of exhaust air: not recycled
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: Hourly samples were taken with a filter paper sampler and weighed on an analytical balance, spectrographic analysis of each day's accumulation of filter paper samples was used to verify the weight-samples and to make such slight adjustments in concentration results as might occasionally arise from varying amounts of nuisance dust.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes, hourly
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Hourly samples were taken with a filter paper sampler and weighed on an analytical balance, spectrographic analysis of each day's accumulation of filter paper samples was used to verify the weight-samples and to make such slight adjustments in concentration results as might occasionally arise from varying amounts of nuisance dust.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 30 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hours/day 5 days/week
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
100.8 mg ZrO2/m3
Basis:
analytical conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Dog 2 (sex not known)
Rabbit 6 (sex not known)
Rat 20 (sex not known) - Control animals:
- other: yes, only control rabbits and rats were used
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: No data
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: No data
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: weekly
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: 2 dogs
- Parameters: Red blood cell and differential white cell counts, as well as determinations of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular cell volume and clotting time
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: No
URINALYSIS: No
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes, lung, kidney, liver. Other tissues were examined, but the specific list of other tissues was not provided
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY: One rabbit died during exposure to the test substances however this matched the control group.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN: Throughout the exposure periods the weekly weight responses were identical with those of normal animals.
HAEMATOLOGY: There were no reported hematological changes to the two dogs that were selected for this parameter during exposure period.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC: There are no reported histological changes that could be attributed to the test substance. The abnormalities that were reported were similar for all species regardless of dose, duration of exposure or test substance inhaled. In all exposed animals, an apparently granular material, brownish-black and doubly refracting, was found in alveolar walls and in phagocytes. Occasionally, this dust was also seen in bronchi and lymph nodes.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- > 100.8 mg/m³ air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- other: no effects were reported in any species tested
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Inhalation of 100.8 mg/m3 zirconiuim dioxide for 30 days produced no significant changes in animals in mortality rate, growth, hematology values or histopathology. The NOAEC was deemed to be greater than 100.8 mg/m3.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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