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EC number: 638-734-4 | CAS number: 157248-24-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-09-11 to 2017-09-15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all concentration levels and the control
- Sampling method: Samples were taken at the start (0 hours) and at the end of the exposure (72 hours) with algae.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 °C until sample preparation and at room temperature until the start of the analysis (on an autosampler), if necessary. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dilution water
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A saturated solution with a nominal test item concentration of 1 mg/L was freshly prepared with dilution water one day prior to the start of exposure. The saturated solution was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature, 1100 rpm. After a separation phase of 1 hour at room temperature the saturated solution was removed by siphoning (from the approximate center of the glass flask) and used in the test.
- Controls: Potassium dichromate was tested as a reference item.
- Chemical name of vehicle: Dilution water according to the guideline was used.
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: Medium was used as vehicle.
- Test concentration separation factor: A limit test was done.
- Evidence of undissolved material: The saturated solution was checked after stirring via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. No Tyndall effect was observed in the saturated solution. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum; Ankistrodesmus subcapitata; Raphidocelis subcapitata; Ankistrodesmus bibraianus
- Strain: HINDAK, SAG 61.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG), Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 4 days old preculture was used.
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounts to 2567 - 5130 lux for 24 hours per day. Nutrient medium Z according to LOTTGE et al. (1994) is used.
ACCLIMATION
Acclimatization was not necessary, because the preculture was prepared in dilution water and incubated under test conditions. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 21.5 - 22.5 °C
- pH:
- 8.02 (start) to 8.93 (end)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1 mg/L (nominal)
1.67 µg/L (geometric mean measured) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: sterile Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: closed, sealed with cotton wool plugs
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, size: 250 mL, test volume: 100 mL
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through: Not applicable, static
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Not applicable
- Initial cells density: 6839 cells/mL (actual), approx. 5*10^3-10^4 cells/mL (nominal)
- Control end cells density: mean 1068359 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Please refer to “Any other information on methods” for details on medium used.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 h/day light
- Light intensity and quality: approx. 4440 to 8880 lux (60 to 120 µE*m^-2*s^-1), homogeneity: within +/- 15 % over incubation area
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: fluorimeter
- Chlorophyll measurement: The cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll a-fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm. Dilution water was used as a background signal. No self-fluorescence was observed in the preliminary range finding test at the saturated solution.
- Other: Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and the end of exposure was carried out. The cells were checked for unusual cell shapes, colour differences, differences in chloroplast morphology, flocculation, adherence of algae to test containers and agglutination of algae cells.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not applicable, limit test
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Limit test based on result of range finder.
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1 mg test item/L was used to prepare saturated solution. 100, 10 an 1 % of saturated solution was used as concentrations in range finding study.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.67 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: limit of solubility
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.67 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: limit of solubility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.67 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: limit of solubility
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.67 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Remarks on result:
- other: limit of solubility
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.67 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Remarks on result:
- other: limit of solubility
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and the end of exposure revealed no morphological abnormalities.
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: A saturated solution of the test item was used in testing. See details above. The test item concentrations were clear during exposure.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No effects were observed up to the solubility limit. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Growth Rate: EC50=0.559 mg/L
Yield: EC50 =0.320 mg/L - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- No effects have been detected at the limit of solubility of the test material in the test media. Therefore, the 72h EC50 and 72h EC10 based on growth rate were greater than 1.67 µg/L (geom. mean measured) and considered to correspond to a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test material to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016/Method C.3. The aim of the study was the determination of NOEC, LOEC, EC10- , EC20- and EC50-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6839 cells/mL. A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 1.00 mg test item/L was prepared once with dilution water 24 hours prior to the start of the exposure. The saturated solution was stirred for 24 hours with approximately 1100 rpm at room temperature. After completion of stirring, the solution was allowed to stand for 1 hour at room temperature for separation of the phases. Thereafter, the saturated solution was removed by siphoning from the approximate centre of the glass flask. The saturated solution was checked after stirring via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. No Tyndall effect was observed at the saturated solution. Six replicates were used for the limit concentration of the test item and six for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The test media were visually clear throughout the test period. The concentrations of the test item were analytically verified via GC-MS at the start of the exposure (0 hours) and at the end of the exposure (72 hours) in the limit concentration and the control. The measured concentrations of the limit concentration in the fresh media (0 h) were 11.2 μg/L and in the old media (72 h) 0.249 μg/L. Therefore, all effect values are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentration (1.67 μg/L). No effects of the test item at the limit of solubility were detected and the effect levels based on growth rate were established to be NOEC = 1.67 µg/L (limit of solubility), LOEC > 1.67 µg/L, EC10 > 1.67 µg/L, EC20 > 1.67 µg/L and EC50 > 1.67 µg/L, thus corresponding to 100 mg/L nominal concentrations.
Reference
Table 1: Effect concentrations based on geometric mean measured test item concentration [μg/L]
Inhibition of Growth Rate | |
NOEC | 1.67 |
LOEC | > 1.67 |
EC10 | > 1.67 |
EC20 | > 1.67 |
EC50 | > 1.67 |
Inhibition of Yield | |
NOEC | 1.67 |
LOEC | > 1.67 |
EC10 | > 1.67 |
EC20 | > 1.67 |
EC50 | > 1.67 |
Description of key information
No effects have been detected up to the limit of solubility of the test material in the test media. Therefore, the 72h EC50 and 72h EC10 based on growth rate were greater than 1.67 µg/L (geom. mean measured) and considered to correspond to a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test material to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016/Method C.3. The aim of the study was the determination of NOEC, LOEC, EC10- , EC20- and EC50-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6839 cells/mL. A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 1.00 mg test item/L was prepared once with dilution water 24 hours prior to the start of the exposure. The saturated solution was stirred for 24 hours with approximately 1100 rpm at room temperature. After completion of stirring, the solution was allowed to stand for 1 hour at room temperature for separation of the phases. Thereafter, the saturated solution was removed by siphoning from the approximate centre of the glass flask. The saturated solution was checked after stirring via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. No Tyndall effect was observed at the saturated solution. Six replicates were used for the limit concentration of the test item and six for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The test media were visually clear throughout the test period. The concentrations of the test item were analytically verified via GC-MS at the start of the exposure (0 hours) and at the end of the exposure (72 hours) in the limit concentration and the control. The measured concentrations of the limit concentration in the fresh media (0 h) were 11.2 μg/L and in the old media (72 h) 0.249 μg/L. Therefore, all effect values are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentration (1.67 μg/L). No effects of the test item at the limit of solubility were detected and the effect levels based on growth rate were established to be NOEC = 1.67 µg/L (limit of solubility), LOEC > 1.67 µg/L, EC10 > 1.67 µg/L, EC20 > 1.67 µg/L and EC50 > 1.67 µg/L, thus corresponding to 100 mg/L nominal concentrations.
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