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EC number: 253-648-3 | CAS number: 37742-98-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2003-11-22 (test substance received) to 2004-09-29
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 004
- Report date:
- 2004
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- : Limited information provided on test substance and methodology and only 100 cells were analyzed for each exposure group
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-bromo-2,2-diphenylbutyric acid
- EC Number:
- 253-648-3
- EC Name:
- 4-bromo-2,2-diphenylbutyric acid
- Cas Number:
- 37742-98-6
- Molecular formula:
- C16H15BrO2
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-bromo-2,2-diphenylbutanoic acid
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): JNJ-1580774-AAA (T000835)
- Physical state: solid powder
- Appearance: slight beige
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Description: Extremely pale beige solid
Purity: 100%
Label: Code No : 054906 T 835
Date received:2003-12-22
Storage conditions: Room temperature in the dark
Method
- Target gene:
- not applicable
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- lymphocytes: human
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- 2 % rat liver homogenate metabolizing system (S9)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- - Preliminary toxicity test: 0, 1247, 29.94, 49.88, 99.75, 199.5, 399, 798, 1596 and 3192 µg/mL
- Group 1 (4(20)-hour without S9): 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 g/mL (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 µg/mL were selected for metaphase analysis in the absence of S9 and 0, 200, 400 and 800 µg/mL were selected for metaphase analysis in the presence of S9 mix.)
- Group 2 (4(20)-hour with S9): 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 g/mL (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 µg/mL were selected for metaphase analysis in the absence of S9 and 0, 200, 400 and 800 µg/mL were selected for metaphase analysis in the presence of S9 mix.)
- Group 3 (24-hour without S9): 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg/mL (0, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL were selected for metaphase analysis.)
The selection of the dose range for the preliminary toxicity test was on a 10mM maximum dose level.
The selection of the dose range for the chromosome aberration test was based on toxicity.
Dose selection for metaphase analysis was based on toxicity for all exposure groups. - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: An unspecified vehicle was used.
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: no data
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- mitomycin C
- Remarks:
- without S9; at 0.4 µg/mL for 4 hour exposure and at 0.2 or 0.4* µg/mL for 24 hour exposure (Groups 1 and 3)
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- Remarks:
- with S9; at 10 µg/mL (Group 2)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 4 hours (Groups 1 and 2); 24 hours (Group 3)
- Expression time: 20 hours (Groups 1 and 2) was provided in the study report as the expression period. However, no information was given on the time of addition of a spindle inhibitor ; 0 hours (Group 3).
- Fixation time: 24 hours (all groups)
SPINDLE INHIBITOR: no data
STAIN: no data
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
2 (Except where there was a need to clarify an equivocal response, only one of the duplicate cultures was assessed for the incidence of cells with chromosome aberrations.)
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED:
100 cells per culture used for metaphase analysis were evaluated.
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: yes
- Determination of endoreplication: Determination of endoreplication: investigated. - Evaluation criteria:
- - A positive response was recorded for a particular treatment if the % of cells with aberrations, excluding gaps, markedly exceeded that seen in the concurrent control, either with or without a clear dose-relationship. For modest increases in aberration frequency, a dose response relationship was generally required and appropriate statistical tests may have been applied in order to record a positive response.
- Statistics:
- - Statistics were used in the study, but no data were provided on the tests performed.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- lymphocytes: human
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: no data
- Effects of osmolality: no data
- Evaporation from medium: no data
- Water solubility: no data
- Precipitation: In the range-finding test, a precipitate of the test substance was observed at and above 199.5 µg/mL.
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
- Microscopic assessment of the slides prepared from the treatment cultures showed that metaphase cells were present at up to 798 µg/mL in the pulse exposure groups and 99.75 µg/mL in the continuous exposure group.
- In the absence of metabolic activation the data showed clear dose-related test substance induced toxicity in both exposure groups. In the presence of metabolic activation there was a decrease in toxicity with increased dose level into the precipitation dose range.
- In the absence of metabolic activation there was a mitotic inhibition greater than 50% achieved at 798 µg/mL in the 4(20) hours exposure (Group 1), but only 32% inhibition at 99.75 µg/mL, with no metaphases at 199.5 µg/mL in the 24-hour exposure group.
- Therefore, the selection of the dose range for the chromosome aberration test was based on toxicity.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
- All of the vehicle control cultures had frequencies of cells with chromosome aberrations within the expected range.
- The positive control substances induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations. It was therefore considered that the metabolic activation system was shown to be functional and the test method itself was operating as expected.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- A microscopic assessment of the slides showed that adequate scorable metaphase cells were present at up to 800 µg/mL in both the 4(20) hour exposure groups and up to 100 µg/mL in the 24 hour continuous exposure group. The test substance induced approximately 80% mitotic inhibition at 800 µg/mL in both of the 4-hour pulse exposure groups.
- In the 24-hour exposure without S9 there was a steep toxicity curve with approximately 60% mitotic inhibition at 100 µg/mL and 96% inhibition at 150 µg/mL. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
Any other information on results incl. tables
The test substance did not induce statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations at any dose level in any of the three exposure conditions. It was considered that adequate toxicity had been achieved in all exposure conditions under the conditions of the test method.
The test substance did not induce a statistically significant increase in the numbers of polyploid cells in any of the exposure groups.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results:
negative with and without metabolic activation
The test substance was evaluated for induction of chromosome aberrations in primary human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. The test substance did not induce statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in the absence or presence of metabolic activation after 4(20) hour exposures or 24 hour continuous exposure. The test substance was therefore considered to be non-clastogenic to human lymphocytes in vitro.
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