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EC number: 207-988-4 | CAS number: 504-29-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Weight of evidence. Two studies available, method according to OECD 417 (non-GLP). Based on available information, the test item is non-mutagenic.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Standard NTP Protocol.
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- , only 4 strains are tested, 2-aminoanthracene is the sole indicator of the efficacy of the S-9 mix.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The testing in both strains is the result of an evolution of the protocol described by Haworth et al. (1983). (See attached background material).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: 2-Aminopyridine
- Analytical purity: 99 %
- Other: Supplied by Aldrich. - Target gene:
- Genes involved in histidine synthesis.
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Liver S-9 from Aroclor-induced male Sprague-Dawley rats and Syrian hamsters
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 33.0; 100.0; 333.0; 1000.0; 3333.0; 10000.0 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Without metabolic activation
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- TA1535 and TA100
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Without metabolic activation
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- TA1537
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Without metabolic activation
- Positive control substance:
- other: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine
- Remarks:
- TA98
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- With metabolic activation
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- For all strains with S9
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation, as described by Haworth et al, 1983.
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 20 minutes with the test substance, Salmonella culture(grown overnight) and S9- mix or buffer (37ºC, without shaking).
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 2 days
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Each dose in triplicate. Experiments were repeated at least 1 week following the initial trial.
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: A preliminary toxicity test was conducted to determinate the appropriate dose range, the toxicity test was performed using TA100 or the system developed by Waleh et al (1982). Toxic concentrations were those at which a decrease in the number of his+ colonies was seen or at which there was a clearing in the density of the background lawn. - Evaluation criteria:
- A chemical was judged to be mutagenic, or weakly mutagenic if it produced a reproducible, dose-related increase in his+ revertants over the corresponding solvent controls in replicate trials.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- Toxicity was seen at 10000 µg/plate to TA1535 and at 3333 to TA1537.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Conclusions:
- The test item resulted non mutagenic for the Salmonella mutation assay with the tester strains: TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA98 with and without metabolic activation.
- Executive summary:
A Salmonella mutation assay was conducted according to the standard NTP protocol, equivalent to OECD guideline 471. The strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA98 of S. typhimurium were exposed to the test item through the preincubation method in presence and absence of metabolic activation (S-9 Aroclor1254 induced, hamster or rat liver). A preliminary toxicity test was conduced with the strain TA100, no toxic effects were seen up to a concentration of 10 000 µg/plate. At the main test concentrations of 0, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 and 10000 µg/plate were tested. There were no significant increases or dose-related increases in revertant colonies in the tester strains with and without metabolic activation. Toxicity was seen at 10000 µg/plate to TA1535 and at 3333 to TA1537. It was concluded that the test item is not mutagenic.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- , 2 tester strains, 2 test concentrations.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Mutagenicity assays were performed according to the published procedures of Ames, McCann & Yamakasi (1975) and Maron & Ames (1983), see attached background material.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: 2-aminopyridine (CAS 504-29-0; X)
- Other: Supplied by Aldrich Chemical Co. - Target gene:
- Histidine synthesis genes.
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor-induced rat-liver S-9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 500 and 1000 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO and water
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- benzo(a)pyrene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: No data.
Mutagenicity assays were performed according to the published procedures of Ames, McCann & Yamakasi (1975) and Maron & Ames 1983.
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: At least two individual screening assays.
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: Preliminary tests to establish the solubility in DMSO and their toxicity to tester strains. - Evaluation criteria:
- The criteria for assessing mutagenicity have been discussed by Ehrenberg (1984).
- Statistics:
- Student's t test and the results were considered biologically significant if the P values were less than 0.001. P values greater than 0.001 were assumed to represent negative findings.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not determined
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not determined
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: strain/cell type: TA98
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- The test item resulted non-mutagenic in the tester strains S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100.
- Executive summary:
A mutagenicity study was conducted according to the published procedures of Ames, McCann & Yamakasi (1975) and Maron & Ames (1983) with the test item pre and post nitrosation, which was conducted according to Andrews et al (1980). Strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium were exposed to concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/plate test item, with and without metabolic activation (Aroclor-induced rat liver S-9). Controls were run using nitrite in acetic acid with and without metabolic activation. Water and DMSO were used as solvents. Benzo[a]pyrene was used as control for both tester strains. The test item did not induced significant increases in revertant colonies with and without metabolic activation.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Mutagenic responses of Salmonella tester strains (mean±SEM; three plates) to 2 -Aminopyridine
Dose |
TA 100 |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
||||||||||||||||||||
NA (-) |
10 % HLI (-) |
10 % RLI (-) |
NA (-) |
10 % HLI (-) |
10% RLI (-) |
NA (-) |
10 % HLI (-) |
10 % RLI (-) |
NA (-) |
10 % HLI (-) |
10 % RLI (-) |
|||||||||||||
µg/plate |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
Mean |
Sem |
0.0 |
94 |
2.3 |
155 |
9.6 |
165 |
5.4 |
17 |
2.4 |
15 |
1.9 |
10 |
2.5 |
9 |
1.9 |
17 |
2.0 |
14 |
2.2 |
26 |
3.2 |
37 |
4.8 |
39 |
2.1 |
33.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0 |
108 |
5.5 |
130 |
10.1 |
143 |
7.4 |
12 |
2.4 |
13 |
1.3 |
14 |
1.3 |
6 |
0.3 |
18 |
2.7 |
10 |
0.9 |
21 |
3.3 |
35 |
4.3 |
36 |
7.1 |
333.0 |
106 |
3.2 |
162 |
4.2 |
144 |
2.5 |
15 |
1.5 |
25 |
1.9 |
10 |
0.3 |
7 |
2.2 |
15 |
1.8 |
16 |
1.5 |
21 |
1.2 |
40 |
2.8 |
24 |
3.2 |
1000.0 |
104 |
7.0 |
152 |
8.0 |
128 |
2.0 |
14 |
2.1 |
14 |
1.8 |
11 |
2.0 |
11 |
2.0 |
17 |
2.0 |
11 |
1.9 |
18 |
2.2 |
35 |
5.8 |
32 |
0.7 |
3333.0 |
97 |
3.0 |
157 |
5.2 |
151 |
8.1 |
9 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
2.6 |
11 |
3.5 |
8 |
0.3 |
10 |
1.8 |
14 |
0.9 |
25 |
5.0 |
33 |
2.6 |
26 |
2.2 |
10000.0 |
84 |
5.0 |
140 |
22.0 |
147 |
3.8 |
t |
|
8 |
0.9 |
9 |
1.2 |
|
|
11 |
0.9 |
11 |
1.8 |
21 |
2.4 |
32 |
2.8 |
22 |
1.8 |
POS |
1406 |
35.8 |
1503 |
99.9 |
1133 |
100.6 |
978 |
54.8 |
396 |
22.5 |
240 |
20.9 |
195 |
15.0 |
111 |
14.3 |
108 |
11.7 |
201 |
5.8 |
872 |
70.1 |
1136 |
86.9 |
The 0.0 is the solvent control (H2O)
POS: Positive control.
t: complete clearing of background lawn.
HLI: Aroclor 1254 -induced Hamster liver
RLI: Aroclor 1254 -induced Rat liver
(-) non mutagenic
Table 1. The mean number of revertants produced by the metabolite 2 -Aminopyridine
Test compound |
S-9 |
Conc (µg/plate) |
No. of revertants in TA98 |
Conc plate (µg/plate) |
No. of revertants in TA 100 |
2-Aminopyridine |
+ |
500 |
20± 2 |
1000 |
105 ± 3 |
- |
500 |
12 ± 1 |
500 |
108 ± 6 |
Table 2. The mean number of revertants produced by 2 -Aminopyridine following nitrosation.
Test compound |
S-9 |
Conc (µg/plate) |
No. of revertants in TA98 |
Conc plate (µg/plate) |
No. of revertants in TA 100 |
2 Aminopyridine |
+ |
500 |
29 ± 3 |
1000 |
117 ± 2 |
- |
1000 |
35 ± 7 |
1000 |
127 ± 6 |
Values are mean ± SD for at least two determinations.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Genetic toxicity in vitro: Weight of evidence. A Salmonella mutation assay was conducted according to the standard NTP protocol, equivalent to OECD guideline 471. The strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA98 ofS. typhimuriumwere exposed to the test item through the preincubation method in presence and absence of metabolic activation (S-9 Aroclor1254 induced, hamster or rat liver). A preliminary toxicity test was conduced with the strain TA100, no toxic effects were seen up to a concentration of 10 000 µg/plate. At the main test concentrations of 0, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 and 10000 µg/plate were tested. There were no significant increases or dose-related increases in revertant colonies in the tester strains with and without metabolic activation. Toxicity was seen at10000 µg/plate to TA1535 and at 3333 to TA1537.It was concluded that the test item is not mutagenic. Moreover, a mutagenicity study was conducted according to the published procedures of Ames, McCann & Yamakasi (1975) and Maron & Ames (1983) with the test item pre and post nitrosation, which was conducted according to Andrews et al (1980). Strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium were exposed to concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/plate test item, with and without metabolic activation (Aroclor-induced rat liver S-9). Controls were run using nitrite in acetic acid with and without metabolic activation. Water and DMSO were used as solvents. Benzo[a]pyrene was used as control for both tester strains. The test item did not induced significant increases in revertant colonies with and without metabolic activation. Based on the available data, the test item is not mutagenic.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on available information, the test item is not classified according to CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
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