Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 235-243-3 | CAS number: 12138-09-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 002
- Report date:
- 2002
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tungsten
- EC Number:
- 231-143-9
- EC Name:
- Tungsten
- Cas Number:
- 7440-33-7
- Molecular formula:
- W
- IUPAC Name:
- tungsten
- Reference substance name:
- Sulfur
- EC Number:
- 231-722-6
- EC Name:
- Sulfur
- Cas Number:
- 7704-34-9
- Molecular formula:
- S
- IUPAC Name:
- sulfur
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- - Particle size distribution: D50= 3.1 um; D90=6.5 um
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD):
- Density: 7.69 g/cm3
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material:16031/01
- Expiration date of the lot/batch:01 April 2002
- Purity test date:>98%
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material:At room temperature in the dark
- Stability under test conditions:Stable
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle:Water- Not Indicated
TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: The powdery test substance was moistened with water (Milli-U), immediately before application, to ensure close contact with the animal's skin.
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Kisslegg, Germany.
- Age at study initiation: at least 6 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: between 1.0 and 3.5 kg
- Housing:labelled cages with perforated floors (Scanbur, Denmark, dimensions 53.5x63x38.5 cm)
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Standard laboratory rabbit diet approx. 100 g. per day
- Water (e.g. ad libitum):Free access to tap-water
- Acclimation period:at least 5 days before start of treatment under laboratory conditions
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21±3°C
- Humidity (%): 30-70%
- Air changes (per hr): 15 air changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours artificial fluorescent light and 12 hours dark per day
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To:
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 grams
- Concentration (if solution):
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit):0.4 ml
- Concentration (if solution):
- Lot/batch no. (if required):
- Purity:
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight):
- Concentration (if solution):
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight):
- Concentration (if solution): - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure
- Number of animals:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: flank
- % coverage: 150 square centimeters
- Type of wrap if used: metalline patch which was wrapped around the abdomen and secured with Coban elastic bandage
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): the skin cleaned of residual test substance using water and ethanol
- Time after start of exposure:Four hours after the application
OBSERVATION TIME POINTS
(indicate if minutes, hours or days)
1, 24, 48 and 72 hours
SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method of calculation:
Erythema and eschar formation:
No erythema 0
Very slight erythema (barely perceptible} 1
Well-defined erythema 2
Moderate to severe erythema ........................................................................................•. 3
Severe erythema (beet redness}• 4
•. Where signs of necrosis or corrosion (injuries in depth} prevent erythema scoring, the maximum grade for erythema (= 4) is given.
Oedema formation:
No oedema 0
Very slight oedema (barely perceptible} 1
Slight oedema (edges of area well-defined by definite raising} 2
Moderate oedema (raised approximately 1 millimeter) 3
Severe oedema (raised more than 1 millimeter and extending beyond the area of exposure)4
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal: #86, 87, 91
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal: #91
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- No scoring possible due to grey staining of the skin by the test substance
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal: #86, 87, 91
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal: #91
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- No scoring possible due to grey staining of the skin by the test substance
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results and according to the EC criteria for classification and labelling requirements for dangerous substances and preparations (Guidelines in Commission Directive 93/21/EEC), TUNGSTEN DISULFIDE does not have to be classified and has no obligatory labelling requirement for skin irritation.
- Executive summary:
Primary skin irritation/corrosion study with TUNGSTEN DISULFIDE in the rabbit (4-hour semiocclusive application).
The study was carried out based on the guidelines described in: EC Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, 8.4, "Acute Toxicity - Skin irritation" and OECD No.404, "Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion".
Three rabbits were exposed to 0.5 grams of TUNGSTEN DISULFIDE, applied onto clipped skin for 4 hours using a semi-occlusive dressing. Observations were made 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure.
No skin irritation was caused by 4 hours exposure to TUNGSTEN DISULFIDE.
Grey staining of the treated skin by the test substance was observed on days 1, 2, 3 and/or 4, which hampered the scoring of the skin reactions on day 1, but did not hamper the scoring of the skin reactions on days 2, 3 and 4.
Based on the results and according to the EC criteria for classification and labelling requirements for dangerous substances and preparations (Guidelines in Commission Directive 93/21/EEC), TUNGSTEN DISULFIDE does not have to be classified and has no obligatory labelling requirement for skin irritation.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.