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EC number: 276-586-9 | CAS number: 72319-18-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 8 Feb 2017 to 17 Feb 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2006
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Basic Red 14 sulfate
- Appearance: violet to sparkling dark blue solid
- Batch No.: 4030158820
- Date of manufacture: 31 March 2014
- Expiry date: March 2018
- BASF test substance number: 16/0122-1
- Purity: 100 weight% main component
- Water solubility: 74.1 g/L ± 0.4 g/L at 20.0°C ± 0.5°C
- Storage condition of test material: at ambient temperature without exposure to light in a tightly sealed container - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples of all test item concentrations and the control at exposure initiation and at exposure termination were chemically analyzed.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test item in the amount of 120.0 mg was weighed in a glass beaker and quantitatively transferred into flask by multiple washing with the 20X AAP medium and filled up to 2000 mL. The test item concentration of 60 mg/L was visually homogeneous. Lower test item concentrations were prepared by sequential dilutions with the 20X AAP medium.
- Controls: 20X AAP medium - Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duckweed
- Strain: CPCC 310
- Source: The duckweed Lemna gibba (Linné) CPCC 310 is cultivated in a standard laboratory culture at the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Department of Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, according to the OECD Guideline No. 221 (2006) recommendations. The culture of Lemna gibba CPCC 310 (stock G3) on agar bevels was received from Canadian Phycological Culture Centre (CPCC), Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
- Culturing conditions: Duckweed Lemna gibba was transferred from agar bevels to the fresh 20X AAP medium in glass beakers with a capacity of 600 mL with transparent lids and incubated at room temperature with constant illumination (pre-culturing). The duckweed culture was inoculated to fresh medium once a week. A pre-culture was started seven days before exposure.
- Culture medium: The 20X AAP medium was prepared on the basis of deionised water by adding stock solutions of reagent-grade chemicals. The medium was sterilised by autoclaving before addition of the stock solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate – the buffering ingredient. After 24 h of aeration, the pH value of test medium was measured and adjusted with 0.1 M HCl, if necessary. The stock solutions were renewed on regular basis for Lemna gibba culturing and stored in a refrigerator. The alkalinity determined for 20X AAP medium was 292 mg/L as NaHCO3, the hardness was 299 mg/L as CaCO3.
- Health:Only organisms in good physiological condition without any discoloration were used for the inoculation of the test item concentrations and the control. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- 299 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 24.4 – 25.1 °C
- pH:
- - Start: 7.33 – 7.43
- End: 8.33 – 8.97 - Conductivity:
- 1589 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 0 (control), 0.06, 0.19, 0.6, 1.9, 19 and 60 mg/L (based on range-finding test)
- Measured concentrations test start:- Measured concentrations test termination: - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber used: yes, thermostatic chamber (incubator with shaker, ILW400STD Pol-Eko-Aparatura, Poland)
- Test vessel: glass beakers with a capacity of 600 mL
- Fill volume: 400 mL of each treatment
- Type of cover: transparent lids
- Incubation: test vessels were arranged at random and repositioned twice during exposure
- No. of colonies per vessel: 3
- No. of fronds per colony: 3
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, 20X AAP medium
TEST MEDIUM/ WATER PARAMETERS
- Test medium: same as culture medium, see 'Details on test organisms'
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The pH values were measured in all test item concentrations and the control before division into replicates at exposure initiation as well as in all test item concentrations and the control at exposure termination in pooled replicates.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: constant illumination,
- Light intensity and quality: 7633 - 8298 lux, fluorescent light source (cool white light)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of frond number: the total number of fronds in each test vessel (as well as changes in plant development) was counted on days 2, 5, and after 7 days of exposure. Only visibly distinct fronds were counted.
- Determination of biomass: The dry weight of the representative sample of the duckweed culture used as the inoculum was measured at exposure initiation. The dry weight of all plants from each test vessel was measured after exposure termination. Colonies were dried at approximately 60 °C in a laboratory oven.
- Additional: frond size, shape and appearance (necrosis, chlorosis, gibbosity or bending of fronds), colony breakup or loss of buoyancy, root length and appearance
- Other parameters measured: temperature, measured continuously; light intensity, measured at exposure initiation, twice during exposure and at exposure termination; pH: at test start (before division into replicates) and at test termination.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 50 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Effects on growth rate inhibition ranged from 1.8% to 63.8% (frond number) and from 2.8% to 71.1% (dry weight); effects on yield inhibition ranged from 5.4% to 89.6% (frond number) and from 9.5% to 93.8% (dry weight).- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 33.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.I.: 29.56 - 38.70
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.65 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.I.: 1.25 - 2.09
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.69 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.I.: 5.64 - 7.96
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.47 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.I.: 0.32 - 0.66
- Details on results:
- Inhibition of the growth rate based on frond number started at a concentration of 0.6 mg/L (5.3% inhibition) and increased in a dose-dependent manner up to 58.9% inhibition at 60 mg/L. For (additional) determined effect values and information on growth inhibition see 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.
VISUAL SIGNS OF PHYTOTOXICITY
At exposure termination, in the test item concentrations of 0.19 and 0.06 mg/L, no distinctive changes from the development of plants in the control were observed. In the test item concentration of 0.6 mg/L, slightly bending down of fronds were observed. In the test item concentration of 1.9 mg/L, slightly bending down of fronds, and colored roots and fronds were observed. In the test item concentrations of 19 and 6 mg/L, overlapping colonies, bending down of fronds, shortened roots, and colored roots and fronds were observed. In the test item concentration of 60 mg/L, breaking up of colonies, spots of necrosis, shortened roots, and colored roots and fronds were observed.- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 7-d ErC50, based on frond number = 9.94 mg/L (95% C.I.: 8.14 - 12.12). The results are within the range given in the literature reference.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Probit method calculations and analysis by Shapiro-Wilk’s Test on Normal Distribution, Levene’s Test on Variance Homogeneity (with Residuals), Williams Multiple Sequential t-test Procedure, Multiple Sequentially-rejective Welsh-t-test After Bonferroni-Holm.
Table: Growth rate and yield evaluation after 7 days
Nominal test
item
concentration
[mg/L]
Based on frond number
Based on dry weight
% inhibition at
exposure
termination (day 7)
(growth rate)
% inhibition at
exposure
termination (day 7)
(yield)
% inhibition at
exposure
termination (day 7)
(growth rate)
% inhibition at
exposure
termination (day 7)
(yield)
Control
0
0
0
0
0.06
2.7
7.3
2.9
8.4
0.19
1.2
3.7
-1.2*
-2.7*
0.6
5.3
13.8
3.3
9.7
1.9
9.1
22.9
16.7
38.7
6
23.1
48.6
33.8
63.6
19
42
71.6
51.8
80.2
60
58.9
84.4
67.6
89.5
* calculated inhibition values are lower than 0%: the measured dry weight after exposure termination was higher than the measured dry weight in the control.
Table: Endpoint values of growth rate based on nominal test item concentrations
Endpoint value [mg/L]
Frond number
Dry weight
0-2 d
0-5 d
0-7 d
0-7 d
ErC10
3.31 (2.23 – 4.45)
1.58 (1.20 – 1.98)
1.65 (1.25 – 2.09)
0.94 (0.82 – 1.07)
ErC20
6.79 (5.16 – 8.41)
4.13 (3.44 – 4.84)
4.65 (3.87 – 5.45)
2.6 (2.36 – 2.84)
ErC50
26.83 (22.99 – 31.74)
26.03 (23.12 – 29.57)
33.6 (29.56 – 38.70)
18.22 (17.11 – 19.44)
LOEC
1.9
1.9
0.6
1.9
NOEC
0.6
0.6
0.19
0.6
Table: Endpoint values of yield based on nominal test item concentrations
Endpoint value [mg/L]
Frond number
Dry weight
0-2 d
0-5 d
0-7 d
0-7 d
EyC10
2.16 (1.34 – 3.06)
0.59 (0.40 – 0.81)
0.47 (0.32 – 0.66)
0.38 (0.29 – 0.47)
EyC20
4.37 (3.10 – 5.66)
1.38 (1.04 – 1.75)
1.18 (0.87 – 1.50)
0.82 (0.68 – 0.97)
EyC50
16.81 (13.95 – 20.43)
7.04 (5.98 – 8.31)
6.69 (5.64 – 7.96)
3.72 (3.32 – 4.16)
LOEC
1.9
1.9
0.6
1.9
NOEC
0.6
0.6
0.19
0.6
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables'
Reference
Description of key information
In duckweed (L. gibba), the 7-d ErC50 (growth rate, based on frond number) and 7-d EyC50 (yield, based on frond number) are 33.60 mg/L and 6.69 mg/L, respectively. The 7-d ErC10 and EyC10 values are 1.65 mg/L and 0.47mg/L, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae was determined in a study according to OECD TG 221 and in compliance with GLP criteria. In this study 3 replicates (6 replicates for control) of 3 uniform, healthy-looking duckweed (L. gibba), with 3 fronds each, were introduced in test vessels containing test substance concentrations of 0 (control), 0.06, 0.19, 0.6, 1.9, 6, 19 and 60 mg/L. Plants were exposed for 7 days under static conditions. Analytical confirmation of nominal test concentrations showed that all test concentrations remained well within ±20% of nominal concentrations throughout the test. Therefore, effect concentrations are expressed as nominal. Observations of frond number, size, shape and appearance (necrosis, chlorosis, gibbosity or bending of fronds), colony breakup or loss of buoyancy, root length and appearance were made on day 2 and 5 and at the end of the exposure. At the end of the test period, dry weight was determined. Throughout the test a decrease in frond numbers was visible with increasing test item concentrations. Effects on plant development were visible from a test item concentration of 0.6 mg/L. The EC50-values for inhibition of the specific growth rate of fronds (ErC50) and dry weight (ErdwC50) were 33.60 mg/L and 18.22 mg/L, respectively. The EC50-values for inhibition of yield (EyC50) and dry weight inhibition of yield (EydwC50) were 6.69 mg/L and 3.72 mg/L, respectively. The ErC10 and EyC10 values, based on frond numbers, are 1.65 mg/L and 0.47 mg/L, respectively.
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