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EC number: 247-557-8 | CAS number: 26264-06-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- C12 LAS; Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS)) is a very close analogue of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No 26264-06-2, EC Number; 247-557-8) ) and read-across is valid.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect of dermal exposure to LAS detergent and HCH pesticide in guinea pigs: biochemical and histopathologic changes in liver and kidney
- Author:
- Mathur AK, Narang S, Gupta BN, Singh A, Singh S and Shanker R
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Toxicol.-Cut. Ocular Toxicol., 11(1), 3-13
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 3 groups were treated on the clipped area with LAS for 30 days
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- C12-LAS
- IUPAC Name:
- C12-LAS
- Details on test material:
- LAS, activity: 99.9%
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- guinea pig
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- - Forty-eight guinea pig weighing approximately 250g each were obtained from the animal house colony of the Industrial Toxicology Research Center- Housing: The animals were kept in separate cages to keep them from licking the applied chemical.
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- other: distilled water
- Details on exposure:
- -Skin (2x2cm) from the back of each animals was clipped free of fur using an Oster electric clipper.
- Control group: acetone (0.5mL) was applied to the clipped skin. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 30 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
60mg/kg bw/day in distilled water
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 48 guinea pigs organized into four groups
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Control group: acetone (0.5mL) was applied to the clipped skin.- Skin (2x2cm) from the back of each animals was clipped free of fur using an Oster electric clipper.
- After autopsy, a portion of liver and kidney was cut and transferred immediately to cold Petri dishes. These tissues were then homogenized in ice cold 0.25M sucrose solution (10% w/v) for biochemical studies and in 0.15 M KCl for lipid peroxidation using a Potter Elvehjem type homogenizer.
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- 1)Enzyme assays: determinded in liver and kidney homogenates.- β-glucuronidase: assay system: contained acetate buffer (0.6 mL, 0.2 mol/L, pH 4.9), phenolphthalein glucuronic acid solution 0.2 mL (0.03 mol/L, pH 4.5), water 0.2 mL, and homogenate 0.2 mL. The mixture was incubated at 56 deg C for 1 hr with 5.0 mL 2-amino-2-2 methylpropanol buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 11) according to the method of Fishman. The absorbance was read at 550nm against water.- Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase: assay system: contained 0.5 mL 51 μmol L-v-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, 0.02 mL homogenate, 2.0 mL 1.7 N acetic acid, 1.0 mL 0.1% sodium nitrate, 1.0 mL 1% amonium sulfamate, and 1.0 mL 55 mg/100 mL naphthylene diamine according to the method of Naftalin. The absorbance was read at 550 nm and the activity expressed as units/mg protein.- 5-nucleotidase: assay system: contained 4.8 mL AMP (250 μmole, pH 7.5), glycerophosphate 4.8 mL 160 μmoles pH 7.5, homogenate 0.1 mL. The mixture was incubated at 37 deg C for 2.5 hr and the reaction was stopped by the addition of 30% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), according to the method of Dixon and Purdom. The contents were centrifuged, the concentration of Pi was determined, and the activity was expressed as units/mg protein.- Sorbitol dehydrogenase: reaction mixture: contained 0.2 mg NADH, 2.0 mL Tris buffer (0.1 mL/L pH 7.5), 0.05ml homogenate, 0.5 mL fructose 72 g/100 mL, according to the method of Asada and Galambos. The absorbance was read at 340 nm against potassium dichromate (3 g/100 mL). The values are expressed as μmole NADH oxidized/min/mg protein.
2) Lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and protein determinationsLipid peroxidation was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reaction spectrophotometrically, according to the method of Ohkawa, and expressed as μmole malonaldehyde formed/hr/mg protein.- Glutathione: determined by the DTNB method of Jollow.The protein content of the homogenate was estimated by the Folin-phenol reagent method of Lowry after being precipitated with TCA.
3) Histopathologic Remaing parts of the liver and kidney were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and then subsequently processed for the preparation of histologic sections using routine microtomy and staining procedures. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- After 30 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on results:
- - Liver enzymes: The activity of GGT, SDH was significantly increased.
- Kidney enzymes: The activity of β-glucuronidase was increased for a period of 30 days.
- Lipid peroxidation(LPO) and GSH contents of liver and kidney: LPO was increased in the liver and there were no effects on GSH contents.
- Histologic finding- Liver: Prominent fatty changes involving large areas of hepatic lobule and accompanied by by dilation of sinusoids were observed result from 30 days of exposure to LAS.
- Histologic finding -Kidney: Injuries manifest mostly in the tubular region of nephron, predominantly confined to proximal and distal convoluted tubules were observed result from 30 days exposure to LAS.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Effect level:
- 60 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: The LOAEL is 60 mg/kg bw/day based on biochemical and histologic finding.
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Biochemical findings were observed with increasing activities of β-glucuronidase, 5ND, GGT and LPO. And the extensive fatty changes were found in hepatic lobules and tubular lesions were found in the kidney. Therefore LAS produce damage to hepatic and renal tissue after dermal exposure.
The LOAEL is 60 mg/kg bw/day based on biochemical and Histologic finding.
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