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EC number: 201-210-7 | CAS number: 79-50-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 26/03/1999 - 29/10/1999
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study according to Guideline under GLP, validity criteria met.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not relevant
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Statement of compliance
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- EC Number:
- 201-210-7
- EC Name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- Cas Number:
- 79-50-5
- Molecular formula:
- C6H10O3
- IUPAC Name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): DL-Lactone
- Physical state: white christalline mass
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature in the dark
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not relevant
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- During the final test samples were taken from the blank-control and the 100 mg/l test solution for analysis.
Frequency: At t=O h, t=24 h and t=72 h
Volume: 10 ml
Storage: Not applicable, samples were analysed on the day of sampling.
Compliance with the Quality criteria regarding maintenance of actual concentrations was demonstrated by running a test vessel at the highest
substance concentration but without algae and samples for analysis were taken at the start and the end of the test period.
Additionally, reserve samples of 10 ml were taken from all test solutions and stored in a deepfreeze
until possible analysis for a maximum of three months or until delivery of the final report.
The method of analysis is described in the appended Analytical Report.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: DL-LACTONE was completely soluble at the concentrations tested. In the range-finding test,test solutions were prepared by subsequent
dilution starting with a stock solution of 100 mgll in ISO-medium. No other treatment than careful mixing was necessary to dissolve the test
substance in the test medium. For the final limit study a test solution of 100 mgll was prepared only. The final test solutions were all clear and
colourless. After preparation, volumes of 50 ml were added to each replicate of the respective test concentration.
- Controls: Yes, blank control
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Selenastrum capricornutum
- Strain: CCAP 278/4
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 4 days
- Method of cultivation: Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar.
The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light (4000-9000 lux) in a climate room at a temperature of 23 +/- 2°C.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 4 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): yes
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not relevant
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 24 mg CaCO3/ ml
- Test temperature:
- 21.5 - 22.5°C
- pH:
- 8.1 - 8.7 (Control)
7.9 - 8.5 (Test solution) - Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- Not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 100 mg/l
Measured: -, 78 mg/l (average) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 ml, all-glass
- Aeration: No data
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/ml
- Control end cells density:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, M2-Medium according to ISA Standard 8692.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Tap water purified by reverse osmosis and then passed over activated carbon and ion-exchange cartridges
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Temperature: daily; pH: at the beginning and at the end of the test
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: Continuously, light intensity of 3500 - 4000 lux.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter]: At the
beginning of the test, cells were counted by microscope, using a counting chamber. Thereafter cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement.
- Chlorophyll measurement: spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 720 nm using a Lambda Spectrophotometer, with a cuvette of 5 cm
path-length. Algal medium was used as blank.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 78 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes/no: Yes, cell density increased by an average factor of > 16 within three days.
Analysis of samples taken from the solution without algae showed that the measured
concentration decreased from 105 mg/l to 76 mg/l during the 72-hour exposure period.
Further, all test conditions remained within the ranges prescribed by the protocol.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: The presence of an extra peak in the
chromatograms indicated that this decrease was probably related to degradation. Based on the measured
concentrations the algal suspensions had been exposed to an average measured concentration of 78 mg/l. Hence, the concentration measured
decreased just slightly more than 20% from initial during the test period. The results showed that this decrease was enhanced in the presence of
growing algae. Hence, the analytical support showed that the effect on actual concentration of the test substance was at least partly inherent to the
test design. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50: 0.75 mg/l - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For determination of the NOEC and the EC50 the approaches recommended in the OECD
guideline (201, adopted 7 June 1984) were used. Statistical analysis of the data was not
needed as the effects recorded were not significant (< 10%).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Not relevant
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study with Selenastrum capricornutum, DL-LACTONE induced no effect on algal growth at a concentration of
100 mg/l. The EC50 for both algal growth and growth rate exceeded a concentration of 100 mg/l (NOEC), corresponding with an average measured
concentration of 78 mgll. - Executive summary:
Selenastrum capricornutum, Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with DL-LACTONE.
DL-LACTONE was completely soluble at the concentrations tested. After a range-finding test, a
limit test was performed exposing exponentially growing algal cultures to a DL-LACTONE
concentration of 100 mg/l and to a blank-control. The initial cell density was l0,000 cells/ml. The
total test period was 72 hours. Samples for analysis of actual exposure concentrations were
taken at the start, after 24 hours of exposure and at the end of the test period. Sampling
included a test solution prepared at 100 mg/l incubated without algal cells present.
Analysis of the samples showed that the concentrations measured at the start of the test were in
agreement with nominal. Further, the measured concentration remained above 80% relative to
the initial concentration during the first 24-hour exposure period. At the end of the 72-hour
exposure period, the concentration measured in the sample taken from the solution with algae
had decreased to 45 mg/l, whereas the concentration measured in the solution without algae
remained at 76 mg/l. The presence of an extra peak in the chromatograms indicated that this
decrease was probably related to degradation.
DL-LACTONE induced no effect on algal growth at a concentration of 100 mg/l during 72 hours
of incubation. The exposure included degradation of DL-LACTONE, which was at least partly
related with algal growth.
The EC50 for both algal growth and growth rate exceeded a concentration of 100 mg/l (NOEC),
corresponding with an average measured concentration of 78 mg/l.
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